Respect the Poor“? Postkoloniale Perspektiven auf Armut
Respect the Poor“? Postkoloniale Perspektiven auf Armut
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尊重穷人“？
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Franziska Dübgen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Franziska Dübgen
“尊重穷人”——对贫困的后殖民视角。与赋予权力相反，现代性将“穷人”构建为低消费的个人，他们生活在物质匮乏的环境中，无法获得足够的工资。本文对贫困概念的话语效果和规范依据进行了后殖民和后发展批判。它批判了“自然状态”的神话，这种神话是建筑固有的，它忽视了基本需求主体的社会嵌入。把穷人作为科学研究的对象，会进一步剥夺他们的权力，损害他们的自尊。后殖民理论家批评衡量贫困的标准化方法，因为它们忽视了后殖民世界中边缘化产生的更大的历史和社会背景。相比之下，后发展的支持者挑战贫穷的经济定义，将其与美好生活的社区伦理概念并列。他们强调话语的自我再现是一个斗争的领域。这两种批判模式都挑战了森能力理论的道德前提。此外，他们对森的方法的运作中的种族中心主义提出了质疑。最后，文章讨论了千年发展目标将减贫重新纳入发展议程，并揭示了其内在的矛盾和盲点。
Abstract „Respect the Poor“ – Postcolonial Perspectives on Poverty. In contrast to being empowering, modernity constructs „the poor“ as low consuming individuals living in material scarcity without access to an adequate wage. This article presents a postcolonial and post-development critique of the discursive effects and normative grounds of the concept of poverty. It denounces the „state of nature“ myth, which is inherent to the construction and blind to the social embedment of a basic needs subject. Making the poor an object of scientific inquiry furthers their disempowerment and undermines their self-esteem. Postcolonial theorists criticize the standardized methods of measuring poverty for their dismissal of the larger historical and social contexts from which marginalization in the postcolonial world has evolved. In contrast, post-development proponents challenge the economic defi nition of poverty by juxtaposing it with communitarian ethical conceptions of a good life. They stress discursive self-representation as a field of struggle. Both modes of critique challenge the moral premises of Sen’s capability theory. Moreover, they dispute the ethnocentrism of the operationalisation of Sen’s approach. Finally, the article discusses the Millennium Development Goals, which have put poverty reduction back on the development agenda, and sheds light on their inherent contradictions and blind spots.