Immunomodulators as adjuvants for vaccines and antimicrobial therapy
Immunomodulators as adjuvants for vaccines and antimicrobial therapy
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05787.x
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hancock, Robert E. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nicholls, Erin F.;Madera, Laurence;Hancock, Robert E. W.
对抗传染病的一种非常有效的策略是使用免疫调节剂增强宿主防御，无论是预防性的，通过疫苗接种，还是治疗性的。目前使用的许多疫苗的有效性部分归因于佐剂，佐剂是本身几乎没有免疫原性但有助于增强和适当地扭曲对抗原的免疫应答的分子。新疫苗的开发需要开发新型佐剂以确保适当的免疫应答。在此，我们回顾了常用的疫苗佐剂，并讨论了有前途的佐剂候选人。我们还讨论了各种其他免疫调节剂（即细胞因子，Toll样受体激动剂和宿主防御肽），这些免疫调节剂或有可能用于通过增强宿主免疫反应而不是直接靶向病原体来发挥其作用的抗菌治疗。
A highly effective strategy for combating infectious diseases is to enhance host defenses using immunomodulators, either preventatively, through vaccination, or therapeutically. The effectiveness of many vaccines currently in use is due in part to adjuvants, molecules that have little immunogenicity by themselves but which help enhance and appropriately skew the immune response to an antigen. The development of new vaccines necessitates the development of new types of adjuvants to ensure an appropriate immune response. Herein, we review commonly used vaccine adjuvants and discuss promising adjuvant candidates. We also discuss various other immunomodulators (namely cytokines, Toll-like receptor agonists, and host defense peptides) that are, or have potential to be, useful for antimicrobial therapies that exert their effects by boosting host immune responses rather than targeting pathogens directly.