Fabrication, characterization and applications of graphene electronic tattoos
Fabrication, characterization and applications of graphene electronic tattoos
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DOI：
10.1038/s41596-020-00489-8
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发表时间：
2021-04-12
期刊：
影响因子：
14.8
通讯作者：
Akinwande, Deji
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kireev, Dmitry;Ameri, Shideh Kabiri;Akinwande, Deji
包括医疗保健、机器人和生物电子在内的许多科学和技术领域已开始将研究方向从开发“高端、高成本”的工具转向“高端、低成本”的解决方案。石墨烯电子纹身(GETS)由于其优异的机电性能，是未来可穿戴技术的理想构建块，其制造协议将在本文中讨论。GET由高质量的大规模石墨烯组成，石墨烯被转移到纹身纸上，产生了一种电子设备，可以像临时纹身一样应用在皮肤上。在这里，我们提供了一个全面的GET制造方案，从石墨烯的生长开始，以整合到人体皮肤结束。提出的方法是独特的，因为它使用高质量的电子级石墨烯，而加工是通过低成本和现成的方法完成的，例如机械切割绘图仪。GET既可以与先进的科学设备相结合进行精密实验，也可以与低成本的电生理板相结合，在家中进行类似的手术。在这个方案中，我们展示了如何将GET应用于人体，以及如何使用它们来获得各种生物要素，包括脑电(脑波)、心电(心脏活动)、肌电(肌肉活动)，以及监测体温和水分。由于石墨烯可以从商业来源获得，整个方案消耗的劳动力类似于3小时，并且不需要训练有素的人员。这项工作中描述的方案可以很容易地在简单的实验室中复制，包括高中设施。
Numerous fields of science and technology, including healthcare, robotics and bioelectronics, have begun to switch their research direction from developing 'high-end, high-cost' tools towards 'high-end, low-cost' solutions. Graphene electronic tattoos (GETs), whose fabrication protocol is discussed in this work, are ideal building blocks of future wearable technology due to their outstanding electromechanical properties. The GETs are composed of high-quality, large-scale graphene that is transferred onto tattoo paper, resulting in an electronic device that is applied onto skin like a temporary tattoo. Here, we provide a comprehensive GET fabrication protocol, starting from graphene growth and ending with integration onto human skin. The methodology presented is unique since it utilizes high-quality electronic-grade graphene, while the processing is done by using low-cost and off-the-shelf methods, such as a mechanical cutter plotter. The GETs can be either used in combination with advanced scientific equipment to perform precision experiments, or with low-cost electrophysiology boards, to conduct similar operations from home. In this protocol, we showcase how GETs can be applied onto the human body and how they can be used to obtain a variety of biopotentials, including electroencephalogram (brain waves), electrocardiogram (heart activity), electromyogram (muscle activity), as well as monitoring of body temperature and hydration. With graphene available from commercial sources, the whole protocol consumes similar to 3 h of labor and does not require highly trained personnel. The protocol described in this work can be readily replicated in simple laboratories, including high school facilities.