Barnacle biology before, during and after settlement and metamorphosis: a study of the interface
Barnacle biology before, during and after settlement and metamorphosis: a study of the interface
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.145094
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Rittschof, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Essock-Burns, Tara;Gohad, Neeraj V.;Rittschof, Daniel
移动藤壶鲤幼虫定居并变态，转变为形态和生长与成虫相似的无柄幼虫。由于生物膜存在于其附着的浸没表面上，因此藤壶在初始附着和随后的生长过程中必须与细菌相互作用。本研究的目的是描述藤壶和基质在这一关键发育转变过程中的发育界面，以了解促进依恋的潜在机制。使用共焦显微镜和荧光染料对界面进行表征，以识别界面的形态和化学变化以及作为藤壶发育阶段函数存在的细菌状态。染色揭示了含有蛋白质和核酸的斑片状物质、发育中角质层中的活性氧以及发育中界面处细菌活力的变化。我们发现，随着藤壶从鲤鱼阶段到幼虫阶段的变态，具有凝固液体外观的蛋白质物质被释放到并保留在界面处。它的蛋白质染色呈阳性，包括磷蛋白和核酸。正在发育的角质层区域和斑片状物质本身被活性氧染色。在鲤鱼牢固地附着之前，细菌是不存在的，但随着藤壶发育的进展，种群死亡。氧化环境可能有助于观察到细菌的细胞毒性，并且有可能在界面处角质层和蛋白质材料发生氧化交联。
Mobile barnacle cypris larvae settle and metamorphose, transitioning to sessile juveniles with morphology and growth similar to that of adults. Because biofilms exist on immersed surfaces on which they attach, barnacles must interact with bacteria during initial attachment and subsequent growth. The objective of this study was to characterize the developing interface of the barnacle and substratum during this key developmental transition to inform potential mechanisms that promote attachment. The interface was characterized using confocal microscopy and fluorescent dyes to identify morphological and chemical changes to the interface and the status of bacteria present as a function of barnacle developmental stage. Staining revealed patchy material containing proteins and nucleic acids, reactive oxygen species amidst developing cuticle, and changes in bacteria viability at the developing interface. We found that as barnacles metamorphose from the cyprid to juvenile stage, proteinaceous materials with the appearance of coagulated liquid were released into and remained at the interface. It stained positive for proteins, including phosphoprotein, as well as nucleic acids. Regions of the developing cuticle and the patchy material itself stained for reactive oxygen species. Bacteria were absent until the cyprid was firmly attached, but populations died as barnacle development progressed. The oxidative environment may contribute to the cytotoxicity observed for bacteria and has the potential for oxidative crosslinking of cuticle and proteinaceous materials at the interface.