The field of neurogenetics: where it stands and where it is going.
The field of neurogenetics: where it stands and where it is going.
复制标题
神经遗传学领域：它的现状和未来的发展方向。
DOI：
10.1093/genetics/iyab085
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Sun,HaoSheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Isabella,AdamJ;Leyva-Díaz,Eduardo;Kaneko,Takuya;Gratz,ScottJ;Moens,CeciliaB;Hobert,Oliver;O'Connor-Giles,Kate;Thakur,Rajan;Sun,HaoSheng
神经遗传学领域位于神经科学和遗传学的交叉点，这两个领域在过去几十年中在新技术和知识方面迅速发展。神经遗传学涵盖了广泛的主题和问题，主要关注了解基因如何控制神经系统的发育以及在整个动物王国中观察到的广泛的行为剧目。神经遗传学领域的两位创始人西摩·本泽（Seymour Benzer）和西德尼·布伦纳（Sydney Brenner）早在半个多世纪前就认识到，利用本泽和布伦纳非常精通的微生物遗传学工具，可以解决神经系统如何发育和发挥功能的问题。正向遗传筛查和后来的反向遗传方法已经牢固地确立了遗传学在揭示大脑基本见解方面的力量。随着技术工具的进步，我们能够以更高的分辨率理解神经系统的组成，并构建从不同神经元和神经胶质类型的综合分子组成到单个神经元/集合的活动图，再到神经系统完整的连接体的图谱。神经元活动的基因编码报告者现在让我们看到大脑在工作，在一些生物体中，已经从整个神经系统的角度进行了单细胞分辨率。细胞类型和神经元活动模式的编目定义了新的表型空间，可以进行深刻的突变分析。另一个重大突破是CRISPR-Cas9介导的基因编辑的引入，它开始允许非经典模式生物加入遗传分析的竞争。为了认识到这一领域的突出地位，GENETICS/G3呼吁提交一个神经遗传学系列，该系列发表在8月份的GENETICS和G3上。我们已经收到了大量的论文，这些论文使用一系列不同的模型系统，解决了神经遗传学领域中一些令人兴奋的问题。该系列发表的论文涉及广泛的问题，从神经系统
The field of Neurogenetics lies at the intersection of Neuroscience and Genetics, two rapidly advancing fields in terms of novel technology and knowledge over the last couple of decades. Neurogenetics spans the gamut of a wide range of topics and questions with the primary focus of understanding how genes control the development of the nervous system and the wide range of behavioral repertoires observed throughout the animal kingdom. The two founders of the field of Neurogenetics, Seymour Benzer and Sydney Brenner recognized more than half a century ago the power to use the tools of the microbial genetics trade, in which Benzer and Brenner were so well versed, to the question of how the nervous system develops and functions. Forward genetic screens and later reverse genetic approaches have firmly established the power of genetics in revealing fundamental insights into the brain. With the advancement of technological tools, we are able to understand with increased resolution the composition of the nervous system and construct atlases from comprehensive molecular composition of diverse neuronal and glial types, to activity maps of single neurons/ensembles, to complete connectomes of the nervous system. Genetically encoded reporters of neuronal activity are now allowing us to see the brain at work, in some organisms already with single-cell resolution on a whole nervous system angle. The cataloging of cell types and neuronal activity patterns are defining novel phenotypic spaces that can be subjected to incisive mutant analysis. Another monumental break-through has been the introduction of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing, which has started to permit non-classic model organisms to join the fray of genetic analysis.In recognition of the prominence of this field, GENETICS/G3 has called for submissions to a Neurogenetics Series which are published in the August issue of GENETICS and G3. We have received a large number of papers that address a number of exciting questions in the field of Neurogenetics, using a range of different model systems. The papers published in the Series touch on a wide array of problems, from nervous system