EU-wide monitoring survey on emerging polar organic contaminants in wastewater treatment plant effluents
EU-wide monitoring survey on emerging polar organic contaminants in wastewater treatment plant effluents
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2013.08.024
复制
发表时间：
2013-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Gawlik, Bernd M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Loos, Robert;Carvalho, Raquel;Gawlik, Bernd M.
2010年，对欧洲90个污水处理厂的流出物进行了156种极性有机化学污染物的分析。此外，还采用基于效应的监测方法，通过体外报告基因生物测定分析雌激素原性和二恶英样毒性，以及酵母和硅藻培养物的急性毒性光学生物测定。有机物分析采用固相萃取（SPE）或液液萃取（LLE），然后采用液相色谱串联质谱（LC-MS-MS）或气相色谱高分辨率质谱（GC-HRMS）。目标微污染物是药品和个人护理产品（PPCPs）、兽药（抗生素）、全氟烷基物质（PFASs）、有机磷酸酯阻燃剂、农药（和一些代谢物）、工业化学品，如苯并三唑（腐蚀抑制剂）、碘化x射线造影剂和钆磁共振成像剂；此外，还测量了生物学终点。获得的结果显示，在欧洲废水中存在125种物质（80%的目标化合物），浓度从每升低纳克到毫克不等。这些结果允许对污水处理厂污水中所调查的化学物质的欧洲中值水平进行估计。污水中浓度中值最高的最相关化合物是人工甜味剂乙酰磺胺和三氯蔗糖、苯并三唑（缓蚀剂）、几种有机磷酸酯阻燃剂和增塑剂(例如三（2-氯异丙基）磷酸；药物化合物如卡马西平、曲马多、替米沙坦、文拉法辛、厄贝沙坦、氟康唑、恶西泮、非索非那定、双氯芬酸、西酞普兰、可待因、异丙洛尔、依普沙坦、抗生素甲氧苄啶、环丙沙星、磺胺甲恶唑和克林霉素、驱虫剂N、N'-二乙基甲苯酰胺（避蚊胺）、杀虫剂MCPA和甲氧丙酚、全氟烷基物质（如全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛烷磺酸）、咖啡因和gadolinium。(C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
In the year 2010, effluents from 90 European wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were analyzed for 156 polar organic chemical contaminants. The analyses were complemented by effect-based monitoring approaches aiming at estrogenicity and dioxin-like toxicity analyzed by in vitro reporter gene bioassays, and yeast and diatom culture acute toxicity optical bioassays. Analyses of organic substances were performed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) or liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) or gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). Target microcontaminants were pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), veterinary (antibiotic) drugs, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), organophosphate ester flame retardants, pesticides (and some metabolites), industrial chemicals such as benzotriazoles (corrosion inhibitors), iodinated x-ray contrast agents, and gadolinium magnetic resonance imaging agents; in addition biological endpoints were measured. The obtained results show the presence of 125 substances (80% of the target compounds) in European wastewater effluents, in concentrations ranging from low nanograms to milligrams per liter. These results allow for an estimation to be made of a European median level for the chemicals investigated in WWTP effluents. The most relevant compounds in the effluent waters with the highest median concentration levels were the artificial sweeteners acesulfame and sucralose, benzotriazoles (corrosion inhibitors), several organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers (e.g. tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate; TCPP), pharmaceutical compounds such as carbamazepine, tramadol, telmisartan, venlafaxine, irbesartan, fluconazole, oxazepam, fexofenadine, diclofenac, citalopram, codeine, bisoprolol, eprosartan, the antibiotics trimethoprim, ciprofloxacine, sulfamethoxazole, and clindamycine, the insect repellent N,N'-diethyltoluamide (DEET), the pesticides MCPA and mecoprop, perfluoroalkyl substances (such as PFOS and PFOA), caffeine, and gadolinium. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.