Snowmelt Timing Regulates Community Composition, Phenology, and Physiological Performance of Alpine Plants.
Snowmelt Timing Regulates Community Composition, Phenology, and Physiological Performance of Alpine Plants.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2018.01140
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Kueppers LM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Winkler DE;Butz RJ;Germino MJ;Reinhardt K;Kueppers LM
高山植物群落的空间格局受到温度和湿度等物理因子变化的强烈影响，而这些物理因子又受到雪深和融雪模式的强烈影响。较早的融雪时间和更大的土壤水分限制可能有利于广泛的物种适应更广泛的生态水文条件比高山限制的物种。我们问植物群落组成，物候，植物水分关系，以及光合气体交换的高山限制和广泛分布的物种在他们的反应不同的ca。40-在科罗拉多落基山脉（Lewisia pygmaea，Sibbaldia procumbens，和Hymenoxys grandiflora是高山限制和蒿scopulorum，苔草，和Geum rossii是广泛分布的物种）。据推测，物种丰富度和叶面覆盖增加与早期融雪，由于更丰富的广泛的物种存在于早期融化的地块。开花开始发生早，早融雪12 19种分析，而开花持续时间缩短，晚融雪6种（所有，但一个是广泛的物种）。我们观察到，从7月到9月，随着土壤水分和植物水势的下降，净光合作用下降了50%以上。早季气孔导度较高，在广泛的物种，表明一个更具竞争力的策略，当土壤湿度高的水收购。即便如此，在光合作用或蒸腾作用方面也没有相关的差异，这表明这些群体之间在生理学上没有很大的差异。我们的研究结果表明，植物物种与不同的范围（高山限制与宽范围）可能有不同的物候和生理反应，融雪时间和相关的土壤水分干燥，高山限制物种的性能是更敏感的融雪。因此，高山限制物种可能比其广泛的异种作为更好的指示物种。总体而言，高山群落组成和峰值覆盖率强烈地受到融雪时间的时空模式的影响。因此，近期，社区范围内的变化（或变化），在物候和生理学的变化，在融雪时间或土壤干燥的速度很可能是视情况而定的遗产，过去的气候对社区结构。
The spatial patterning of alpine plant communities is strongly influenced by the variation in physical factors such as temperature and moisture, which are strongly affected by snow depth and snowmelt patterns. Earlier snowmelt timing and greater soil-moisture limitations may favor wide-ranging species adapted to a broader set of ecohydrological conditions than alpine-restricted species. We asked how plant community composition, phenology, plant water relations, and photosynthetic gas exchange of alpine-restricted and wide-ranging species differ in their responses to a ca. 40-day snowmelt gradient in the Colorado Rocky Mountains (Lewisia pygmaea, Sibbaldia procumbens, and Hymenoxys grandiflora were alpine-restricted and Artemisia scopulorum, Carex rupestris, and Geum rossii were wide-ranging species). As hypothesized, species richness and foliar cover increased with earlier snowmelt, due to a greater abundance of wide-ranging species present in earlier melting plots. Flowering initiation occurred earlier with earlier snowmelt for 12 out of 19 species analyzed, while flowering duration was shortened with later snowmelt for six species (all but one were wide-ranging species). We observed >50% declines in net photosynthesis from July to September as soil moisture and plant water potentials declined. Early-season stomatal conductance was higher in wide-ranging species, indicating a more competitive strategy for water acquisition when soil moisture is high. Even so, there were no associated differences in photosynthesis or transpiration, suggesting no strong differences between these groups in physiology. Our findings reveal that plant species with different ranges (alpine-restricted vs. wide-ranging) could have differential phenological and physiological responses to snowmelt timing and associated soil moisture dry-down, and that alpine-restricted species’ performance is more sensitive to snowmelt. As a result, alpine-restricted species may serve as better indicator species than their wide-ranging heterospecifics. Overall, alpine community composition and peak % cover are strongly structured by spatio-temporal patterns in snowmelt timing. Thus, near-term, community-wide changes (or variation) in phenology and physiology in response to shifts in snowmelt timing or rates of soil dry down are likely to be contingent on the legacy of past climate on community structure.
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