Extravagance in the commons: Resource exploitation and the frontiers of ecosystem service depletion in the Amazon estuary.
Extravagance in the commons: Resource exploitation and the frontiers of ecosystem service depletion in the Amazon estuary.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.072
复制
发表时间：
2016-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. C. de Araujo Barbosa-C.;P. Atkinson;J. Dearing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. C. de Araujo Barbosa-C.;P. Atkinson;J. Dearing
河口拥有巨大的经济潜力，因为它们的战略位置，靠近海洋和内陆水道，从而支持密集的经济活动。过去50年来，沿海三角洲的人类发展速度不断加快，也使当地资源紧张，并在社会和生态系统中产生了广泛的变化。亚马逊河口位于巴西北部的亚马逊盆地，是地球上最大的流域，也是最不了解的流域之一。生活在河口的相当一部分人口直接依赖当地开采自然资源维持生计。在人烟稀少的地区进行开发，对环境几乎没有负面影响。然而，由于治理、货币汇率、牛肉和森林产品出口等因素的综合作用，最近对生态系统服务的压力越来越大。在这里，我们提出了一个跨方法的方法，在确定森林覆盖变化的河口生态系统服务损失的后果的政治边界。我们结合使用来自地球观测卫星的数据、生态系统服务文献和政府官方统计数据，建立了将绿色植被覆盖与河口森林提供的生态系统可用性联系起来的空间明确关系。我们的研究结果表明，在过去的三十年里，土地利用/覆盖和经济状况的持续变化对关键生态系统服务的变化做出了重大贡献，如碳固存，气候调节和木材的可用性。
Estuaries hold major economic potential due their strategic location, close to seas and inland waterways, thereby supporting intense economic activity. The increasing pace of human development in coastal deltas over the past five decades has also strained local resources and produced extensive changes across both social and ecological systems. The Amazon estuary is located in the Amazon Basin, North Brazil, the largest river basin on Earth and also one of the least understood. A considerable segment of the population living in the estuary is directly dependent on the local extraction of natural resources for their livelihood. Areas sparsely inhabited may be exploited with few negative consequences for the environment. However, recent and increasing pressure on ecosystem services is maximised by a combination of factors such as governance, currency exchange rates, exports of beef and forest products. Here we present a cross methodological approach in identifying the political frontiers of forest cover change in the estuary with consequences for ecosystem services loss. We used a combination of data from earth observation satellites, ecosystem service literature, and official government statistics to produce spatially-explicit relationships linking the Green Vegetation Cover to the availability of ecosystems provided by forests in the estuary. Our results show that the continuous changes in land use/cover and in the economic state have contributed significantly to changes in key ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, climate regulation, and the availability of timber over the last thirty years.