Folding DNA to create nanoscale shapes and patterns
Folding DNA to create nanoscale shapes and patterns
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DOI：
10.1038/nature04586
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发表时间：
2006-03-16
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Rothemund, PWK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rothemund, PWK
利用原子和分子的内在特性来指导其自我组织的“底部制造”被广泛用于制造相对简单的纳米结构。这种方法的关键目标是创建高复杂性的纳米结构，与“上下”方法通常实现的纳米结构相匹配。 DNA分子的自组装为实现这一目标提供了有吸引力的途径。在这里，我描述了一种简单的方法，将长长的单链DNA分子折叠成任意的两维形状。所需形状的设计是通过栅格制成的 - 用7千座单链脚手架填充形状，并选择200多个短寡核苷酸“钉钉链”将脚手架固定在适当的位置。一旦合成并混合，主食和脚手架链单个步骤会自我组装。所得的DNA结构的直径约为100 nm，并且近似所需的形状，例如正方形，圆盘和五个尖端的恒星，空间分辨率为6 nm。因为每个寡核苷酸都可以用作6-NM像素，因此可以将结构编程为具有复杂的模式，例如其表面上的单词和图像。最后，可以对单个DNA结构进行编程以形成较大的组件，包括扩展的周期晶格和三角形的六聚体（构成30兆达尔顿分子复合物）。
'Bottom- up fabrication', which exploits the intrinsic properties of atoms and molecules to direct their self- organization, is widely used to make relatively simple nanostructures. A key goal for this approach is to create nanostructures of high complexity, matching that routinely achieved by ' top- down' methods. The self- assembly of DNA molecules provides an attractive route towards this goal. Here I describe a simple method for folding long, single- stranded DNA molecules into arbitrary two- dimensional shapes. The design for a desired shape is made by raster- filling the shape with a 7- kilobase single- stranded scaffold and by choosing over 200 short oligonucleotide ' staple strands' to hold the scaffold in place. Once synthesized and mixed, the staple and scaffold strands self- assemble in a single step. The resulting DNA structures are roughly 100 nm in diameter and approximate desired shapes such as squares, disks and five- pointed stars with a spatial resolution of 6 nm. Because each oligonucleotide can serve as a 6- nm pixel, the structures can be programmed to bear complex patterns such as words and images on their surfaces. Finally, individual DNA structures can be programmed to form larger assemblies, including extended periodic lattices and a hexamer of triangles ( which constitutes a 30- megadalton molecular complex).