The Handbook of Industrial Organization
The Handbook of Industrial Organization
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产业组织手册
DOI：
10.1086/261746
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发表时间：
1991
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
S. Peltzman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Peltzman
产业组织与经济学一样古老。《国富论》中许多最令人难忘的部分都涉及到该领域的核心主题：垄断和共谋的影响，企业规模和结构的决定因素，等等。古诺在150多年前的贡献仍然激励着该领域的许多当代分析工作。然而，直到20世纪30年代，该领域才在美国大学中作为一个公认的专业蓬勃发展。在此后的大部分时间里，美国产业组织经济学家的工作都受到公共政策问题的严重影响。这个问题，有时很明确，但几乎总是潜伏在这项研究的表面，是“大企业：它是好还是坏？在某种程度上，这个问题是由对竞争的偏好和对垄断的怀疑以及卖方之间的合作所激发的，这标志着盎格鲁-撒克逊经济学的发展。美国人特有的担忧也有助于形成这一研究议程。反托拉斯法提供了一个明显的例子，该领域的许多早期工作都明确地回应了美国法律的创新所产生的政策问题。然而，反垄断只是贯穿美国政治史的深刻民粹主义倾向的一种表现。民粹主义者对大型企业组织效用的怀疑，为早期的产业组织研究提供了动力。因此，这一领域应该发展到
Industrial organization is as old as economics. Many of the best-remembered parts of the Wealth of Nations concern the central subject matter of the field: the effects of monopoly and collusion, the determinants of the size and structure of firms, and so forth. Much contemporary analytical work in the field remains energized by Cournot's contribution of over 150 years ago. However, the field did not flourish as a recognizable specialty in American universities until the 1930s. For much of the period since then, the work of American industrial organization economists was heavily colored by public policy issues. The question, sometimes explicit but almost always lurking close to the surface of this research, was "Big business: is it good or bad?" In part, this question was stimulated by the predilection for competition and the suspicion of monopoly and cooperation among sellers that marked the development of Anglo-Saxon economics. Peculiarly American concerns also helped shape this research agenda. The antitrust laws provide the obvious example, and much early work in the field was explicitly responsive to the policy issues arising from this American legal innovation. Antitrust was, however, only one manifestation of a deep populist strain running through American political history. And populist suspicions about the utility of large business organization provided a stimulus to early industrial organization research. It is accordingly no accident that the field should have grown to