Really underage drinkers: The epidemiology of children's alcohol use in the united states
Really underage drinkers: The epidemiology of children's alcohol use in the united states
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s11121-007-0072-7
复制
发表时间：
2007-09-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Donovan, John E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Donovan, John E.
12岁及以下儿童的饮酒问题几乎没有受到关注。本文总结了美国全国和全州范围内对六年级及以下儿童酒精使用情况的调查结果，其依据是在文献和互联网上搜索到的报告。对儿童饮酒和吸毒的四项全国性调查和七项全州调查发现，目前的儿童饮酒率和品酒率、一生饮酒量超过一口的次数、过去一年的饮酒率、过去一个月的饮酒率和过去一周的饮酒率。患病率随评估的参与程度而下降。酒精使用量随着年龄的增长而增加，在四年级和六年级之间翻了一番，其中五年级和六年级之间的流行率跃升最大。在每个年级，男孩比女孩更有可能饮酒。非洲裔美国儿童与白人和西班牙裔儿童饮酒的可能性几乎一样大。在过去十年左右的时间里，儿童终生饮酒和当前饮酒的流行率一直在下降。未能评估儿童的使用强度妨碍了对儿童所经历的风险程度的评估。有必要在全国范围内对这一人群的酒精使用情况进行持续监测，并对父母进行更深入的教育，让他们了解让儿童饮酒的危险。
Little attention has been paid to alcohol use by children aged 12 and younger. The present article summarizes findings on the prevalence of alcohol use from US national and statewide surveys of children in grades 6 and younger based on reports located in searches of the literature and the Internet. Four national surveys and seven statewide surveys of children's alcohol and drug use were located that present rates of lifetime sipping and tasting, lifetime experience of more than a sip, alcohol use in the past year, use in the past month, and use in the past week. Prevalence rates decrease with the level of involvement assessed. Alcohol use increases with age, doubling between grades four and six, with the largest jump in prevalence between grades five and six. At each grade level, boys are more likely to have used alcohol than girls. African-American children are nearly as likely as white and Hispanic children to have used alcohol. Over the past decade or so, the prevalence of both lifetime and current alcohol use has been declining in children. The failure to assess intensity of children's use hampers evaluation of the level of risk experienced by children. There is a need for ongoing nationwide surveillance of alcohol use in this population and for greater education of parents regarding the dangers of introducing children to alcohol use.