Hydrology and nutrient dynamics of spring of almora-binsar area, indian central himalaya: Landscapes, practices, and management
Hydrology and nutrient dynamics of spring of almora-binsar area, indian central himalaya: Landscapes, practices, and management
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印度喜马拉雅中部阿尔莫拉-宾萨尔地区泉水的水文和养分动态：景观、实践和管理
DOI：
10.1134/s0097807806010106
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
B. K. Joshi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. K. Joshi
该研究旨在测量位于印度喜马拉雅山脉中部科西盆地不同景观的泉水的水文行为和营养动态。本次调查共考虑了8个泉，每个景观代表一个泉。水文测量监测于1998年1月至1999年12月进行，两次测量间隔10天，即，240小时（共进行72次观察）。水质测量在三个主要季节进行，即，冬季（1月），夏季（6月）和季风（8月）并计算了1998年和1999年实测参数的平均值。对这些样品进行了pH值、电导率、总溶解固体、溶解氧、Ca 2 −、Mg 2 −、Na−、Cl−、F−、NO3−和SO 42 −的分析。泉水的水文学表明，保护林具有较高的保水能力比其他景观，和春季补给能力的高度影响的定居点，开放式放牧，管理不善的农业和森林砍伐活动。泉水化学分析表明，位于森林和人口稀少地区的泉水EC、TDS、阳离子和阴离子浓度较低，可安全饮用，但位于灌溉地和人口密集地区的泉水EC较高，溶解氧浓度较低，NO3-较高，不适合饮用。位于沉降区的泉水氟浓度较高。简而言之，该研究表明，与农业和森林地区的泉水相比，未管理的排水管，非常差和旧的污水处理系统模式导致Na-，Cl-，F-，NO3-和SO 42-浓度增加。所有研究的泉水都管理不善，这对水体的寿命和质量构成了巨大威胁，特别是在印度喜马拉雅山脉中部地区。本研究提出了建设工程的途径，放牧。还应控制森林资源开采和在水体集水区的农业活动。
The study aims to measure the hydrological behavior and nutrients dynamics of the springs located in different landscapes of Kosi basin, Indian central Himalaya. A total number of eight springs were considered for the present investigation, each landscape represented by one spring. The monitoring for hydrological measurement was conducted in January 1998 to December 1999, the interval between two successive measurements was 10 days, i.e., 240 hr (total 72 observations were made). Water quality measurement was done in three main seasons, i.e., winter (Jan.), summer (June) and monsoon (Aug.) of 1998 and 1999, and the average value for measured parameters were calculated. These samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolve oxygen, Ca2−, Mg2−, Na−, Cl−, F−, NO3−, and SO42−. Hydrology of spring’s water showed that the reserve forest has a higher water retention capacity than the other landscapes, and the spring recharge capacity highly influenced by the settlements, open grazing, mismanaged agricultural and deforestation activities. The spring water chemistry shows that the springs located in forest and sparsely populated areas have lower EC, TDS, cationic and anionic concentration and are safe for drinking purposes, but those in irrigated land and densely populated areas feature higher EC, low dissolved oxygen concentration and higher NO3−, which makes the water of these springs unsuitable for drinking. F concentration was higher in the springs located in the settlement area. In brief, the study indicates that the unmanaged drains, very poor and old pattern of sewage disposing system result in an increase in Na−, Cl−, F−, NO3−, and SO42− concentration as compared to the springs in agricultural and forested areas. All of the studied springs are badly managed which a is great threat for the longevity and quality of the water bodies, in particular, in Indian Central Himalayan region. This study suggests the ways of the constructional works, grazing. Forest resource extraction and agricultural activities in water bodies catchments area should also be controlled.