Indoor Environmental Quality and Consumption Patterns before and during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Twelve Social Dwellings in Madrid, Spain
Indoor Environmental Quality and Consumption Patterns before and during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Twelve Social Dwellings in Madrid, Spain
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DOI：
10.3390/su13147700
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发表时间：
2021-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Navas-Martin, Miguel Angel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
de Frutos, Fernando;Cuerdo-Vilches, Teresa;Navas-Martin, Miguel Angel
本文分析了西班牙紧急状态期间马德里郊区12栋住宅的流行情况。全天候工作对室内空气质量和电力消耗模式有何影响？使用的混合方法(调查和仪器监测)务实地检测了新冠肺炎大流行之前和期间的消费、舒适度和室内空气质量模式的变化。最初的特点和家庭倾向对这种差异有决定性的影响。启动条件，包括家庭组成、习惯和日常活动的方式，差异很大，在逻辑上影响电力消耗：8/12案例研究增加居住密度超过25%；11/12改善热舒适性；10/12案例研究改善空气质量，但不一定转化为充分的通风实践；卧室空气质量总体较低；只有4/12案例研究利用被动措施的潜力；只有1/12家庭采用节能策略；10/12案例研究增加电力消耗，但没有一个住宅安装了可再生发电系统。得出的结论是，尽管起步条件差异很大，但家庭结构、习惯(包括日常活动表现)和电力消耗也对最终结果起到了积极作用。这种方法可以将室内环境质量(IEQ)、能源使用和家庭行为的定性和定量结果结合起来。案例研究的能源状况的客观数据不仅对研究有用，而且对潜在的能源恢复项目，如欧洲区域发展基金(ERDF)也有帮助。
This article analyses the situation that prevailed in 12 dwellings located on the outskirts of Madrid during Spain's state of emergency. How did 24/7 occupation affect the quality of indoor air and power consumption patterns? The mixed method used (surveys and instrumental monitoring) pragmatically detected the variation in consumption, comfort and indoor air quality patterns before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The characteristics initially in place and household predisposition had a conclusive effect on such variations. The starting conditions, including household composition, habits and the way daily activities were performed, differed widely, logically affecting power consumption: 8/12 case studies increase occupancy density by more than 25 percent; 11/12 improve thermal comfort; 10/12 improve air quality but not necessarily translate in a sufficient ventilation practices; air quality was lower in the bedrooms on the whole; only 4/12 case studies use the potential of passive measures; only one household adopted energy savings strategies; 10/12 case studies increase electric power consumption but none of the dwellings was fitted with a renewable power generation system. The conclusion drawn is that, despite starting conditions differing widely, household composition, habits (including performance of daily activities performance) and power consumption also played an active role in the end result. This approach allowed to integrate qualitative and quantitative findings on indoor environmental quality (IEQ), energy use and households' behavior. The objective data on the energy situation of the case studies not only is useful for the study, but also for potential enrollment in energy rehabilitation programs, such as the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).