Hormonal basis during pregnancy for the onset of maternal behavior in the rat
Hormonal basis during pregnancy for the onset of maternal behavior in the rat
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DOI：
10.1016/0306-4530(88)90005-4
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发表时间：
1988-12
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
J. Rosenblatt;A. D. Mayer;A. Giordano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Rosenblatt;A. D. Mayer;A. Giordano
本文回顾了我们对大鼠母性行为的荷尔蒙基础的了解现状。被考虑的是卵巢激素雌激素和孕酮，垂体激素β-内啡肽和催乳素，以及由几个下丘脑核团和相关脑区分泌的催产素。孕期荷尔蒙--雌激素和黄体酮--会使女性对雌激素的终极升高做出反应，这种激素甚至在分娩前就能刺激高水平的母体反应。对催乳素作用的研究表明，催乳素是卵巢激素有效刺激母体行为所必需的，这些研究使用了垂体切除术、催乳素释放阻滞剂以及垂体前叶和催乳素替代疗法。在妊娠的后半期，胎盘催乳素可能会取代催乳素发挥这一作用。虽然催乳素是母体行为的慢性刺激，但它也可能在短时间内起作用。催产素在特定品系的大鼠中刺激母体行为，但在其他品系中不刺激，而且只有在雌激素刺激的雌性大鼠脑室内注射(Icv)时才会。分娩前后大脑中β-内啡肽水平的下降被认为是母性行为发生的必要条件，吗啡阻止了母性行为的发生，并扰乱了正在进行的母性行为和哺乳期女性的母性攻击。然而，在分娩时阻断β-内啡肽的作用也会干扰幼崽的清洁和胎盘的进食。
This article reviews the current state of our knowledge about the hormonal basis of maternal behavior in the rat. Considered are the ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone, the pituitary hormones β-endorphin and prolactin, and the hormone oxytocin, secreted by several hypothalamic nuclei and associated brain regions. The hormones of pregnancy, estrogen and progesterone, prime the female to respond to a terminal rise in estrogen that stimulates a high level of maternal responsiveness even before parturition begins. Studies on the role of prolactin, using hypophysectomy, prolactin release blockers and anterior pituitary and prolactin replacement, indicate that prolactin is required for the ovarian hormones to be effective in stimulating maternal behavior. During the latter half of pregnancy, placental lactogen may displace prolactin in this role. Although prolactin serves as a chronic stimulus for maternal behavior, it also may act over a short period. Oxytocin stimulates maternal behavior in a specific strain of rat, but not in other strains, and only when administered introcerebroventricularly (ICV) in estrogen-primed females. The decline in the high brain levels of β-endorphin around parturition has been proposed as a requirement for the onset of maternal behavior, morphine blocks the onset of maternal behavior and disrupts ongoing maternal behavior and maternal aggression in lactating females. However, blocking β-endorphin action at parturition interferes with pup cleaning and eating of the placenta as well.