Two apples a day modulate human:microbiome co-metabolic processing of polyphenols, tyrosine and tryptophan
Two apples a day modulate human:microbiome co-metabolic processing of polyphenols, tyrosine and tryptophan
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DOI：
10.1007/s00394-020-02201-8
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发表时间：
2020-02
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
M. Ulaszewska;A. Koutsos;K. Trošt;J. Stanstrup;M. Garcia‐Aloy;Matthias Scholz;F. Fava;F. Natella-F.-Natel
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作者：
M. Ulaszewska;A. Koutsos;K. Trošt;J. Stanstrup;M. Garcia‐Aloy;Matthias Scholz;F. Fava;F. Natella-F.-Natel
目的食物摄入生物标志物（BFI）是一种有效的评估膳食指南依从性和膳食干预依从性的工具。虽然在过去的几十年里，从代谢谱研究中出现了许多新的候选生物标志物，但全面验证的食物摄入生物标志物的数量有限。苹果是最经常食用的水果和丰富的来源多酚和纤维，一个重要的调解人为他们的健康保护properties.MethodsUsing一个非靶向的代谢组学方法，我们的目的是确定生物标志物的长期苹果摄入量，并探讨苹果如何影响人体血浆和尿液代谢产物。在一项随机、对照、交叉干预研究中，40名轻度高胆固醇血症的志愿者每天食用两个完整的苹果或一种糖和能量匹配的对照饮料，持续8周。通过非靶向metabolomics.ResultsWe发现61尿液和9血浆代谢产物在整个苹果摄入量相比，控制饮料，包括几个多酚代谢产物，可用作BFI后，在统计学上显着的血浆和尿液样品中的代谢组进行了分析。此外，我们确定了几个内源性吲哚和苯乙酰谷氨酰胺微生物代谢产物显着增加后，苹果消费的尿液。多组数据集允许探索由饮食干预显著调节的代谢物与属水平的粪便微生物群物种之间的相关性，显示Granulicatellagenus和苯乙酸代谢物之间有趣的相互作用。根皮素葡萄糖醛酸苷和根皮素葡萄糖醛酸苷硫酸盐出现有前途的生物标志物的苹果摄入量，但是，鲁棒性，可靠性和稳定性的数据需要充分的BFI validation.ConclusionThe确定的苹果BFIs可用于在未来的研究中，以评估遵守和探索他们的健康影响后，苹果摄入量。此外，多酚微生物代谢产物的鉴定表明，苹果消费介导显着的肠道微生物代谢活动，这应该进一步探讨。
PurposeValidated biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) have recently been suggested as a useful tool to assess adherence to dietary guidelines or compliance in human dietary interventions. Although many new candidate biomarkers have emerged in the last decades for different foods from metabolic profiling studies, the number of comprehensively validated biomarkers of food intake is limited. Apples are among the most frequently consumed fruits and a rich source of polyphenols and fibers, an important mediator for their health-protective properties.MethodsUsing an untargeted metabolomics approach, we aimed to identify biomarkers of long-term apple intake and explore how apples impact on the human plasma and urine metabolite profiles. Forty mildly hypercholesterolemic volunteers consumed two whole apples or a sugar and energy-matched control beverage, daily for 8 weeks in a randomized, controlled, crossover intervention study. The metabolome in plasma and urine samples was analyzed via untargeted metabolomics.ResultsWe found 61 urine and 9 plasma metabolites being statistically significant after the whole apple intake compared to the control beverage, including several polyphenol metabolites that could be used as BFIs. Furthermore, we identified several endogenous indole and phenylacetyl-glutamine microbial metabolites significantly increasing in urine after apple consumption. The multiomic dataset allowed exploration of the correlations between metabolites modulated significantly by the dietary intervention and fecal microbiota species at genus level, showing interesting interactions betweenGranulicatellagenus and phenyl-acetic acid metabolites. Phloretin glucuronide and phloretin glucuronide sulfate appeared promising biomarkers of apple intake; however, robustness, reliability and stability data are needed for full BFI validation.ConclusionThe identified apple BFIs can be used in future studies to assess compliance and to explore their health effects after apple intake. Moreover, the identification of polyphenol microbial metabolites suggests that apple consumption mediates significant gut microbial metabolic activity which should be further explored.