Paneth cells: leukocyte-like mediators of innate immunity in the intestine
Paneth cells: leukocyte-like mediators of innate immunity in the intestine
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DOI：
10.1189/jlb.1005556
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发表时间：
2006-09-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Keshav, Satish
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Keshav, Satish
潘氏细胞是位于小肠Lieberkuhn隐窝底部的分泌性肠上皮细胞。它们显示出突出的细胞质颗粒，含有抗菌蛋白，如溶菌酶，分泌型磷脂酶A2 IIA和α-防御素，其响应于一系列刺激而释放到肠腔中。在这一点上，它们类似于循环白细胞，其也阐述和分泌溶菌酶和α-防御素作为抗菌防御功能的一部分，并且在其他水平上保持相似性。这些细胞还强烈且特异性地表达NOD 2基因产物，其是先天免疫应答的关键细胞内介质的新兴家族之一，其也在外周血单核细胞中高度表达，并且它们表达肿瘤坏死因子α的RNA，肿瘤坏死因子α是一种主要的骨髓单核细胞来源的细胞因子，其在疾病如类风湿性关节炎和克罗恩病（CD）的发病机制中具有关键作用。因此，这些来自多能肠上皮干细胞谱系的细胞是固着的、常驻的宿主防御细胞，其可以与白细胞共享分泌抗微生物肽的有益功能，以及促进炎症和组织损伤的潜在有害能力。潘氏细胞在远端小肠中最丰富，这是最常受CD影响的区域，并且这些细胞在这种情况下的潜在作用引起了极大的兴趣。这篇简短的评论总结了目前的知识，并推测如何研究这些迷人的细胞可能是先进的。
Paneth cells are secretory intestinal epithelial cells located at the base of the crypts of Lieberkuhn in the small intestine. They display prominent cytoplasmic granules, containing antibacterial proteins such as lysozyme, secretory phospholipase A2 type IIA, and alpha-defensins, which are released into the intestinal lumen in response to a range of stimuli. In this, they resemble circulating leukocytes, which also elaborate and secrete lysozyme and alpha-defensins as part of an antibacterial defense function, and the resemblance is sustained at other levels. The cells also strongly and specifically express the NOD2 gene product, one of an emerging family of critical, intracellular mediators of innate immune responses, which is also highly expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and they express RNA for tumor necrosis factor alpha, a major myelomonocytic cell-derived cytokine, which has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease (CD). Thus, these cells, which are derived from the pluripotent intestinal epithelial stem-cell lineage, are sessile, resident host-defense cells, which may share with leukocytes the beneficial function of secreting antimicrobial peptides, as well as the potentially harmful capacity for promoting inflammation and tissue damage. Paneth cells are most abundant in the distal small intestine, which is the region most frequently affected by CD, and there is great interest in the potential role of these cells in this condition. This brief review summarizes current knowledge and speculates on how the study of these fascinating cells might be advanced.