Description of the MIROC-ES2L Earth system model and evaluation of its climate–biogeochemical processes and feedbacks
Description of the MIROC-ES2L Earth system model and
evaluation of its climate–biogeochemical processes and feedbacks
复制标题
MIROC-ES2L 地球系统模型的描述和
DOI：
10.5194/gmd-2019-275
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Kawamiya
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Hajima;Michio Watanabe;A. Yamamoto;H. Tatebe;Maki A. Noguchi;M. Abe;R. Ohgaito;A. Ito;Dai Yamazaki;H. Okajima;A. Ito;K. Takata;K. Ogochi;S. Watanabe;M. Kawamiya
摘要。本研究以一个最先进的气候模型为物理核心，开发了一种用于长期模拟的气候、地球系统跨学科研究的新模型——地球系统模式第2版长期模拟（MIROC - ES2L）。该模型嵌入了一个具有明确碳 - 氮相互作用的陆地生物地球化学组分，以考虑土壤养分对植物生长和陆地碳汇的控制。该模型的海洋生物地球化学组分进行了大幅更新，以模拟碳、氮、磷、铁和氧的生物地球化学循环，从而使海洋初级生产力可受多种养分限制的控制。海洋氮循环通过河流排放过程与陆地组分相耦合，并且考虑了来自火成源和岩石源的铁的外部输入。历史模拟与观测研究的比较表明，该模型能够重现气候、碳循环和其他生物地球化学变量的合理历史变化以及当前状况的合理空间分布模式。该模型展示了人类通过土地利用和农业对氮循环的历史扰动，并模拟了其对陆地碳循环产生的影响。工业化前条件下的敏感性分析表明，模拟的海洋生物地球化学可能会因来自大气和河流的养分输入而发生区域性（但显著的）变化。通过一个二氧化碳浓度每年增加1%的理想化实验，我们发现该模型中的瞬态气候响应（TCR）为1.5 K，即约为我们之前模型的70%。由于陆地碳汇增强，累积大气碳分数（AF）也降低了15%，导致AF接近耦合模式比较计划第5阶段（CMIP5）地球系统模式的多模式平均值。对累积碳排放的瞬态气候响应（TCRE）为1.3 K EgC⁻¹，即略小于CMIP5地球系统模式的平均值，这表明该模型在未来气候预测中的表现较为乐观。该模型及模拟结果对耦合模式比较计划第6阶段（CMIP6）有所贡献。该地球系统模式有助于通过以整体和交互的方式演进气候、生物地球化学和人类活动的过程，进一步理解气候 - 生物地球化学相互作用机制、对未来环境变化的预测以及对我们未来可持续发展选择的探索。
Abstract. This study developed a new Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate, Earth System version2 for Long-term simulations (MIROC-ES2L) Earth system model (ESM) using a state-of-the-art climate model as the physical core. This model embeds a terrestrial biogeochemical component with explicit carbon–nitrogen interaction to account for soil nutrient control on plant growth and the land carbon sink. The model’s ocean biogeochemical component is largely updated to simulate biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and oxygen such that oceanic primary productivity can be controlled by multiple nutrient limitations. The ocean nitrogen cycle is coupled with the land component via river discharge processes, and external inputs of iron from pyrogenic and lithogenic sources are considered. Comparison of a historical simulation with observation studies showed the model could reproduce reasonable historical changes in climate, the carbon cycle, and other biogeochemical variables together with reasonable spatial patterns of distribution of the present-day condition. The model demonstrated historical human perturbation of the nitrogen cycle through land use and agriculture, and it simulated the resultant impact on the terrestrial carbon cycle. Sensitivity analyses in preindustrial conditions revealed modeled ocean biogeochemistry could be changed regionally (but substantially) by nutrient inputs from the atmosphere and rivers. Through an idealized experiment of a 1 %CO2 increase scenario, we found the transient climate response (TCR) in the model is 1.5 K, i.e., approximately 70 % that of our previous model. The cumulative airborne fraction (AF) is also reduced by 15 % because of the intensified land carbon sink, resulting in an AF close to the multimodel mean of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) ESMs. The transient climate response to cumulative carbon emission (TCRE) is 1.3 K EgC−1, i.e., slightly smaller than the average of the CMIP5 ESMs, suggesting optimistic model performance in future climate projections. This model and the simulation results are contributing to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). The ESM could help further understanding of climate–biogeochemical interaction mechanisms, projections of future environmental changes, and exploration of our future options regarding sustainable development by evolving the processes of climate, biogeochemistry, and human activities in a holistic and interactive manner.
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Tagliabue, Alessandro;Aumont, Olivier;Yool, Andrew
通讯作者：
Yool, Andrew
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Wang, Wei-Lei;Moore, J. Keith;Primeau, Francois W.
通讯作者：
Primeau, Francois W.