Disrupted 'reflection' impulsivity in cannabis users but not current or former ecstasy users
Disrupted 'reflection' impulsivity in cannabis users but not current or former ecstasy users
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DOI：
10.1177/0269881108089587
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Sahakian, B. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clark, L.;Roiser, J. P.;Sahakian, B. J.
5-羟色胺参与冲动性的证据引起了人们对经常服用摇头丸者冲动性测量的兴趣，他们被认为表现出多巴胺能功能障碍。然而，目前的调查结果并不一致。在这里，我们使用了最近开发的信息抽样测试，以测量“反射”冲动在46个当前的摇头丸用户，14个主题谁使用摇头丸在过去，15个当前的大麻用户和19个药物天真的控制。尽管在艾森克冲动-冒险-共情问卷的冲动分量表上分数升高，但在信息抽样测试中，当前和以前的摇头丸使用者与未使用过药物的对照组没有显著差异。相比之下，大麻使用者对任务的信息采样明显较少，并且与药物幼稚对照组相比，他们在决策中的确定性较低。大麻使用者的影响扩展了我们早期在安非他明和阿片类药物依赖个体中的观察结果（Clark等人，2006，Biological Psychiatry 60：515-522），并且表明减少的反射可能是各种物质的常规使用者的共同认知风格。然而，在两个摇头丸组中缺乏影响表明，血清素功能，摇头丸使用和冲动之间的关系更加复杂。
Evidence for serotonin involvement in impulsivity has generated interest in the measurement of impulsivity in regular ecstasy users, who are thought to display serotonergic dysfunction. However, current findings are inconsistent. Here, we used a recently developed Information Sampling Test to measure 'reflection' impulsivity in 46 current ecstasy users, 14 subjects who used ecstasy in the past, 15 current cannabis users and 19 drug-naive controls. Despite elevated scores on the Impulsivity subscale of the Eysenck Impulsiveness-Venturesomeness-Empathy questionnaire, the current and previous ecstasy users did not differ significantly from the drug-naive controls on the Information Sampling Test. In contrast, the cannabis users sampled significantly less information on the task, and tolerated a lower level of certainty in their decision-making, in comparison to the drug-naive controls. The effect in cannabis users extends our earlier observations in amphetamine-and opiate-dependent individuals (Clark, et al., 2006, Biological Psychiatry 60: 515-522), and suggests that reduced reflection may be a common cognitive style across regular users of a variety of substances. However, the lack of effects in the two ecstasy groups suggests that the relationship between serotonin function, ecstasy use and impulsivity is more complex.