Characteristics and factors controlling the development of ephemeral gullies in cultivated catchments of black soil region, Northeast China
Characteristics and factors controlling the development of ephemeral gullies in cultivated catchments of black soil region, Northeast China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.still.2007.02.010
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发表时间：
2007-10
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
Yongguang Zhang;Yongqiu Wu;Baoyuan Liu;Q. Zheng;J. Yin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yongguang Zhang;Yongqiu Wu;Baoyuan Liu;Q. Zheng;J. Yin
浅沟侵蚀是我国东北黑土区的一个重要侵蚀过程，对农田造成了严重的破坏。然而，对该地区冲沟形成的研究很少。本文描述的研究试图量化土壤流失，空间分布和形态的冲沟，以及控制其发展的因素。在2005年春季和夏季，在两个小集水区短暂的冲沟进行了测量。研究区浅沟形成的关键时期是春末和夏季。尽管坡度较低，但由于短暂的沟蚀造成的平均土壤流失量仅为0.40和0.43 kgm − 2年− 1，这一流失量高于0.20 kgm − 2年−1的可容忍侵蚀速率。春季的侵蚀速率更大，因为表层土壤在深层融化之前融化，减少了土壤的渗透，裸露的植被覆盖没有为地表径流提供障碍。相比之下，夏季侵蚀主要发生在强烈的降雨事件。在春季冻融循环促进了冲沟的发育，而在夏季则受到农业作业和作物类型的影响。利用野外数据建立了一个线性回归模型，用于预测流域级的浅沟长度，虽然它没有成功地预测单个沟的长度，但它解释了浅沟长度变化的55%。
Ephemeral gully erosion is an important process in the black soil region, Northeast China and can be responsible for severe damage to agricultural lands. However, little research on gully formation in this area has been published. The study described in this paper attempted to quantify soil losses, the spatial distribution and morphology of the gullies, and the factors that control their development. Ephemeral gullies were measured in spring and summer of 2005 in two small catchments. The critical periods for ephemeral gully formation were late spring and summer in the study area. Mean soil losses due to ephemeral gully erosion were 0.40 and 0.43kgm−2year−1for only croplands despite low slope gradients, and this loss is above the tolerable erosion rates of 0.20kgm−2year−1. The erosion rates were greater in spring because the topsoil thawed before deeper layers, reducing infiltration into the soil, and the bare vegetation cover provided no barriers to surface flow. In contrast, summer erosion occurred primarily in response to intense rain events. Development of the gullies was promoted by freeze-thaw cycles in spring and was affected by the type of agricultural operations and crops in summer. A linear regression model for the prediction of ephemeral gully length at the catchment level was established using field data, and although it did not successfully predict the length of individual gullies, it explained 55% of the variation in ephemeral gully length.