Compounding and Construction Morphology
Compounding and Construction Morphology
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复合和构造形态
DOI：
10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199695720.013.0010
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Booij
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Booij
模式。也就是说，实例关系和关系部分都是建立在词汇中词与词之间的聚合关系的基础上的。“sneeuwwit”一词的形态结构是这种聚合关系在词结构的组合轴上的投影。这种构词法的一个优点是，子模式的概括可以用一种直接的方式表示。以下概括适用于荷兰内中心化合物集合（参见Booij 2002a：第4章有关相关数据）：只有NN复合（在下面将讨论的某些条件下，VN复合也是如此）在头部位置和非头部位置都是递归的，也就是说，它们的成分本身可以是化合物。其他类型的内中心化合物不允许递归。例如，像musisichtgrijs（鼠标浅灰色）这样的形容词复合词会让人觉得很奇怪，尽管muisgrijs（鼠标灰色）和lichtgrijs（浅灰色）都是荷兰语现有的形容词复合词。递归NN复合如图5所示：(5)左成分递归：[[[[ziekte]N[verzuim]N]N[bestrijdings]N]N[programma]N]N疾病缺席对抗程序‘减少因病缺席的计划’ [[[aardappel]N [schil]V]V[mesje]N]N土豆削皮刀‘削土豆的刀’右成分递归：[[zomer]N [[broed]V[gebied]N]N]N夏季品种区‘夏季育种区’两个成分递归：[[地面]N[水]N]N[[over]P[最后]N]N地下水问题荷兰内中心化合物子集的另一个特殊性质的例子是，具有名义头部的化合物允许某些类型的短语作为非头部成分发挥作用，而其他化合物则不这样做。例如，oudemannenhuis的“老人之家”结构很好，而形容词复合词oudemannenwak的“lit”结构很好。老人弱，“弱如老人”是怪。简而言之，我们必须能够在不抹杀所有荷兰内中心化合物的共性的情况下，对化合物的子类进行概括。通过在最通用的模板和模板之间假设中间的抽象级别，可以用层次化的词典来表示关于单词子集的概括
schema. That is, both the instantiation relation and the part of-relation are based on paradigmatic relationships between words in the lexicon. The morphological structure assigned to the word sneeuwwit is a projection of such paradigmatic relationships on the syntagmatic axis of word structure. One advantage of this approach to word formation is that generalizations about subpatterns can be expressed in a straightforward way. The following generalization holds for the set of Dutch endocentric compounds (cf. Booij 2002a: Chapter 4 for the relevant data): only NN compounding (and under certain conditions to be discussed below, VN compounding as well) is recursive, both in the head position and the non-head position, that is, their constituents can be compounds themselves. Other types of endocentric compounds do not allow for recursivity. For instance, an adjectival compound such as muislichtgrijs ‘mouse light grey’ is felt as odd, although both muisgrijs ‘mouse grey’ and lichtgrijs ‘light grey’ are existing adjectival compounds of Dutch. Recursive NN compounding is illustrated in (5): (5) left constituent recursive: [[[[ziekte]N[verzuim]N]N[bestrijdings]N]N[programma]N]N illness absence fight program ‘program for reducing absence due to illness’ [[[aardappel]N [schil]V]V[mesje]N]N potato peel knife ‘knife for peeling potatoes’ right constituent recursive: [[zomer]N [[broed]V[gebied]N]N]N summer breed area ‘breeding area for the summer’ both constituents recursive: [[[grond]N[water]N]N[[over]P[last]N]N]N ground water over burden ‘groundwater problems’ Another example of a specific property of a subset of the Dutch endocentric compounds is that compounds with a nominal head allow certain types of phrases to function as the non-head constituent whereas other compounds do not. For instance, whereas oudemannenhuis ‘old men’s home’ is well-formed, an adjectival compound such as oudemannenzwak ‘lit. old men weak, weak as old men’ is odd. In short, we must be able to state generalizations about subclasses of compounds without obliterating the commonalities of all Dutch endocentric compounds. Generalizations about subsets of words can be expressed in a hierarchical lexicon, by assuming intermediate levels of abstraction in between the most general template and the