Effect of weaning age and commingling after the nursery phase of pigs in a wean-to-finish facility on growth, and humoral and behavioral indicators of well-being
Effect of weaning age and commingling after the nursery phase of pigs in a wean-to-finish facility on growth, and humoral and behavioral indicators of well-being
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DOI：
10.2527/2006.843743x
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发表时间：
2006-03-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Johnson, ZB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davis, ME;Sears, SC;Johnson, ZB
将来自一个产仔组（其中母猪与断奶时为14或21日龄的产仔猪交配）的猪分为较大和较小年龄组（每组108头猪），并在断奶至完成设施中每个围栏圈养12头猪。在保育阶段结束时，每个年龄组中一半的猪被移除，重新随机化，并混合用于肥育阶段。另一半留在原来的围栏里。在生长/肥育期间，猪饲喂常见的第1阶段（第0天至第14天）和第2阶段（第14天至第35天）保育饲料，以及常见的4阶段程序饲料，过渡期为45、68和90 kg BW。当最轻的重量块平均为107 kg时，研究结束。在断奶后第0、2、10、27、37、44和65天采集血液，以测定白细胞浓度。此外，在断奶时（d 0），断奶后第7、14和27天的保育期，以及断奶后第35、38、44和65天的生长/肥育期，对行为进行监测。在整个保育期内，年龄较大的猪体重较重（P < 0.001），在保育期开始和结束时，幼猪和年龄较大的猪之间的BW差异分别从2 kg增加到6.5 kg。断奶后第0、2、10天，老龄猪的白色细胞（P < 0.05）和淋巴细胞（P < 0.10）浓度高于青年猪。幼猪在断奶当天休息时间较少（P < 0.05），而在整个保育期活动时间较多（P < 0.05）。在第3阶段和整个肥育阶段，幼龄猪的ADG和G：F高于老龄猪（P < 0.01）。此外，在第3阶段，与未混合的老龄猪相比，混合老龄猪时ADFI（饲喂）降低（P < 0.05）。仔猪的ADFI无显著差异（P> 0.10）。本研究的结果表明，断奶年龄影响生长性能的断奶到完成设施，以及行为和免疫反应断奶和混合后的托儿所阶段。应进一步探讨管理策略，以优化这些好处，而不会对本研究中的保育期观察到的健康产生不利影响。
Pigs from one farrowing group in which gilts were bred to farrow pigs that would be either 14 or 21 d of age at weaning, were divided into older and younger age groups (108 pigs per group) and penned 12 pigs per pen in a wean-to-finish facility. At the end of the nursery phase, half the pigs in each age group were removed, rerandomized, and commingled for the finishing phase. The other half remained in their original pens. Pigs were fed common Phase 1 (d 0 to 14) and Phase 2 (d 14 to 35) nursery diets, and a common 4-phase program diet during growing/finishing, with transitions at 45, 68, and 90 kg of BW. The study ended when the lightest weight block averaged 107 kg. Blood was obtained on d 0, 2, 10, 27, 37, 44, and 65 after weaning to determine leukocyte concentrations. In addition, behavior was monitored during the nursery period at weaning (d 0), on d 7, 14, and 27 after weaning, and during the growing/finishing phase on d 35 (after commingling following the nursery phase), 38, 44, and 65 after weaning. Older pigs were heavier (P < 0.001) throughout the nursery period, and the BW difference between younger and older pigs increased from 2 to 6.5 kg at the start and end of the nursery period, respectively. Older pigs had a greater concentration of white blood cells (P < 0.05) and lymphocytes (P < 0.10) on d 0, 2, and 10 after weaning than younger pigs. Younger pigs spent less (P < 0.05) time resting on the day of weaning, and more (P < 0.05) time active during the overall nursery phase. During Phase 3 and in the overall finishing phase, younger pigs had greater (P < 0.01) ADG and G:F than older pigs. Moreover, during Phase 3 ADFI (as fed) decreased (P < 0.05) when older pigs were commingled compared with older pigs that were not commingled. There was no difference in ADFI of younger pigs, regardless of commingling (interaction; P < 0.10). Results of this study indicate that weaning age affects growth performance in a wean-to-finish facility, as well as behavioral and immunological responses to weaning and commingling after the nursery phase. Management strategies should be further explored to optimize these benefits without the detrimental effects on health observed during the nursery period in this study.