GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN BODY SIZE AMONG EXPERIMENTAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA-PSEUDOOBSCURA KEPT AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN BODY SIZE AMONG EXPERIMENTAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA-PSEUDOOBSCURA KEPT AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.1973.tb00673.x
复制
发表时间：
1973-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
ANDERSON, WW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ANDERSON, WW
6个实验种群D. pseudobscura，都开始从相同的遗传多样性组的创始人，被保持在三个温度跨越大部分的耐受范围为这个物种。两个种群保持在16 ℃，两个保持在25 ℃，两个保持在27 ℃。翅长可作为衡量个体大小的准确指标。pseudobscura，研究后，人口已保持了1.5年，6年和12年。在1.5年时，翅长没有明显的遗传分化，而在6年时，16 ℃下的种群翅长显著大于25 ℃和27 ℃下的种群。在12岁时，分歧的模式甚至更清楚：在16 C下剩下的一个种群的翅长比25 C下的两个种群的翅长大得多，反过来，在25 C下的两个种群的翅长比27 C下的两个种群的翅长大得多。在16 ℃ ~ 27 ℃温度区间内，种群间翅长的遗传分化占该性状总表型变异的40%左右。有足够的遗传和表型变异的翅膀长度的人口，和明确的关联，这一指数的身体大小与环境温度可能选择有利于相对较大的尺寸在较低的温度。在实验种群中，身体大小和温度之间的关联与在几种果蝇的自然种群中观察到的相似。因此，在实验室中与温度有关的作用于身体大小的选择力可能与自然界中的相似。
Six experimental populations of D. pseudoobscura, all begun from the same genetically diverse group of founders, were kept at three temperatures spanning much of the tolerable range for this species. Two populations were kept at 16 C, two at 25 C, and two at 27 C. Wing length, an accurate index of body size in D. pseudoobscura, was studied after the populations had been maintained for 1.5, 6, and 12 years. No genetic divergence in wing length was evident at 1.5 years, while at 6 years wing length was significantly larger in the populations at 16 C than in the populations at 25 C and 27 C. At 12 years the pattern of divergence was even clearer: wing length was genetically much larger in the one remaining population at 16 C than in the two at 25 C, and in turn wing length was much larger in the two populations at 25 C than in the two at 27 C. The genetic divergence in wing length among the populations was a large proportion-about 40% -of the total phenotypic variation in this character over the temperature interval 16 C to 27 C. There was ample genetic and phenotypic variance in wing length in the populations, and the clear association of this index of body size with environmental temperature makes it likely that selection has favored relatively larger size at the lower temperatures. The association between body size and temperature in the experimental populations is similar to that observed in natural populations of several Drosophila species. Thus the temperature-related selective forces acting on body size in the laboratory may well be similar to those which act in nature.