NGOs and State Capacity in International Environmental Negotiations: The Experience of the Earth Negotiations Bulletin
NGOs and State Capacity in International Environmental Negotiations: The Experience of the Earth Negotiations Bulletin
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非政府组织和国家在国际环境谈判中的能力：地球谈判公报的经验
DOI：
10.1111/1467-9388.00273
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Chasek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Chasek
自1992年里约热内卢联合国环境与发展会议以来的9年中，可持续发展和环境谈判激增，这使世界各地许多国家的能力和预算紧张，包括发达国家和发展中国家。除了里约会议之后的世界会议巡回演出之外，1994年在巴巴多斯举行的小岛屿国家可持续发展世界会议、1994年在开罗举行的国际人口与发展会议、1995年在哥本哈根举行的社会发展问题世界首脑会议，1995年在北京举行的第四次妇女问题世界会议和1996年在毛里求斯举行的第二次联合国人类住区会议，以及世界会议成果的一系列五年期审查。仅在过去五年的日历上就充斥着关于气候变化、生物多样性、生物安全、臭氧消耗、危险废物越境转移、防治荒漠化、化学品安全、持久性有机污染物和渔业等议题的谈判。再加上联合国可持续发展委员会、政府间森林论坛和联合国环境规划署（UNEP）的各种会议，可持续发展会议的日程可谓忙碌。本文将探讨许多国家，尤其是发展中国家和小国，在多边环境谈判中面临的问题。这些措施包括：代表团规模小，人员和能力有限，这导致依赖其他国家代表其利益，依赖非
There has been a proliferation of sustainable development and environmental negotiations in the 9 years since the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, which has stretched the capacities and budgets of many countries around the world-both developed and developing. In addition to the travelling circus of world conferences after Riothe 1994 World Conference for the Sustainable Development of Small Island States in Barbados, the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo, the 1995 World Summit for Social Development in Copenhagen, the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing and the 1996 Second UN Conference on Human Settlements in Istanbulthere have been numerous negotiations of both legally binding agreements and soft law, as well as the series of 5-year reviews of the outcomes of the world conferences. The calendar for last 5 years alone has been filled with negotiations on such subjects as climate change, biodiversity, biosafety, ozone depletion, transboundary movements of hazardous wastes, combating desertification, chemical safety, persistent organic pollutants and fisheries. Add on top of this, meetings of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development, the Intergovernmental Forum on Forests and various United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) meetings, and you can see that the sustainable development conference calendar has been a busy one.This article examines the problems that many countries-especially developing countries and small countries-face in multilateral environmental negotiations.'These include: small delegations, limited staff and limited capacity, which results in relying on other countries to represent their interests, and relying on non-