A semi-analytic model for the co-evolution of galaxies, black holes and active galactic nuclei
A semi-analytic model for the co-evolution of galaxies, black holes and active galactic nuclei
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13805.x
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发表时间：
2008-08
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
R. Somerville;P. Hopkins;T. J. Cox;B. Robertson;L. Hernquist
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Somerville;P. Hopkins;T. J. Cox;B. Robertson;L. Hernquist
我们提出了一个新的半解析模型，自洽地跟踪超大质量黑洞（BH）和它们的宿主星系的Lambda冷暗物质（CDM）宇宙学框架内的背景下的增长。在我们的模型中，由吸积黑洞发出的能量调节黑洞本身的生长，驱动星系尺度风，可以从星系中移除冷气体，并产生强大的喷流，加热周围的热气体大气集团和集群。我们提出了一个全面的比较，我们的模型预测与观测测量的关键物理性质的低红移星系，如冷气体分数，恒星金属丰度和年龄，和特定的星星形成率。我们发现，我们的新模型成功地再现了指数截止的恒星质量函数和恒星和冷气体的质量密度在z = 0，并预测星星的形成应该是很大程度上，但不是完全，淬火在大规模的星系在目前的一天。我们还发现，我们的自我调节BH增长的模型自然再现BH质量和隆起质量之间的关系。在我们的模型中，我们探索了星系和黑洞的全球形成历史，提出了对星星形成、恒星质量组装、冷气体和金属的宇宙历史的预测。我们发现，在高红移（z 2）处，假设“和谐”-CDM宇宙学的模型过度产生了星星的形成和恒星质量.一个小尺度能量较小的模型预测在高红移下星星的形成较少，并且与观测到的恒星质量组装历史非常吻合，但是在高红移（z = 3-4）下类星体吸收系统中的冷气体可能难以解释。
We present a new semi-analytic model that self-consistently traces the growth of supermassive black holes (BH) and their host galaxies within the context of the Lambda cold dark matter (� CDM) cosmological framework. In our model, the energy emitted by accreting black holes regulates the growth of the black holes themselves, drives galactic scale winds that can remove cold gas from galaxies, and produces powerful jets that heat the hot gas atmospheres surrounding groups and clusters. We present a comprehensive comparison of our model predictions with observational measurements of key physical properties of low-redshift galaxies, such as cold gas fractions, stellar metallicities and ages, and specific star formation rates. We find that our new models successfully reproduce the exponential cut-off in the stellar mass function and the stellar and cold gas mass densities at z ∼ 0, and predict that star formation should be largely, but not entirely, quenched in massive galaxies at the present day. We also find that our model of self-regulated BH growth naturally reproduces the observed relation between BH mass and bulge mass. We explore the global formation history of galaxies and black holes in our models, presenting predictions for the cosmic histories of star formation, stellar mass assembly, cold gas and metals. We find that models assuming the ‘concordance’ � CDM cosmology overproduce star formation and stellar mass at high redshift (z 2). A model with less small-scale power predicts less star formation at high redshift, and excellent agreement with the observed stellar mass assembly history, but may have difficulty accounting for the cold gas in quasar absorption systems at high redshift (z ∼ 3–4).