The Effectiveness of an Active Learning Program in Promoting a Healthy Lifestyle among Older Adults with Low Health Literacy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The Effectiveness of an Active Learning Program in Promoting a Healthy Lifestyle among Older Adults with Low Health Literacy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
复制标题
主动学习计划在促进健康素养较低的老年人健康生活方式方面的有效性：一项随机对照试验
作者：
K. Uemura;M. Yamada;Hiroshi Okamoto
背景资料：老年人往往更需要健康信息和保健服务，因为获得这些信息和服务有助于他们管理自己的健康和老年慢性病。因此，健康知识普及率低对老年人具有特殊意义。目的：本研究的目的是探讨一个积极的学习计划对健康素养，生活方式行为，身体功能和心理健康的社区居住的老年人与低健康素养的影响。研究方法：这项单盲、随机对照试验纳入了60名年龄≥65岁、健康素养较低的参与者，他们被随机分配到干预组（n = 30）或对照组（n = 30）。在24周内，干预组每周参加90分钟的主动学习课程，其中包括探索性学习，小组工作和促进健康生活方式的行为改变的自我规划。对照组参加90 min的课堂教学，采用讲授式教学法。对于这两组人来说，这些计划都集中在运动，饮食/营养和认知活动对促进老年人健康的作用上。在基线和第24周进行结局指标。全面的卫生知识普及（即，主要结果）使用健康素养量表-14进行评估。生活方式因素（即，身体活动、饮食多样性、生活空间移动性和社会网络大小）、身体功能和抑郁症状进行了测量。我们采用线性混合模型，按照意向治疗方法估计干预效果。结果如下：与对照组相比，干预组在沟通健康素养、步数、参与中度到剧烈的身体活动、饮食多样性、生活空间移动性、社交网络大小、握力、步态速度和抑郁症状方面都有显着改善。结论：主动学习计划可以促进健康的生活方式，并防止缺乏信心参与健康沟通的老年人的功能下降。
Background: Older adults often have a greater need for health information and health care services because access to these helps them manage their health and the chronic conditions of aging. Therefore, low health literacy bears a special significance for the population of older adults. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of an active learning program on health literacy, lifestyle behaviors, physical function, and mental health among community-dwelling older adults with low health literacy. Methods: This single-blind, randomized controlled trial involved 60 participants aged ≥65 years with a low health literacy who were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 30) or control (n = 30) group. Across 24 weeks, the intervention group attended weekly 90-min active learning program sessions, which involved exploratory learning, group work, and the self-planning of behavior changes that promote a healthy lifestyle. The control group attended a 90-min class, which was taught in accordance with the didactic teaching method. For both groups, the programs focused on the role of exercise, diet/nutrition, and cognitive activity for promoting health among older adults. The outcome measures were administered at baseline and week 24. Comprehensive health literacy (i.e., primary outcome) was assessed using the Health Literacy Scale-14. Lifestyle factors (i.e., physical activity, dietary variety, life-space mobility, and social network size), physical function, and depressive symptoms were measured. We used a linear mixed model to estimate the intervention effects in accordance with the intention-to-treat approach. Results: When compared to the control group, the intervention group demonstrated a significant improvement in communicative health literacy, step count, engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, dietary variety, life-space mobility, social network size, grip strength, gait speed, and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The active learning program can promote a healthy lifestyle and prevent functional decline among older adults who lack the confidence to engage in health communication.