Current progress in pharmacologic treatment strategies for alcohol dependence
Current progress in pharmacologic treatment strategies for alcohol dependence
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DOI：
10.1586/ecp.12.31
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发表时间：
2012-07-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Clapp, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clapp, Peter
酒精中毒是一种进行性神经系统疾病，是美国发病率和死亡率的主要可预防原因之一。酒精依赖的个体可能表现出对醉酒的敏感性、他们开始大量饮酒的年龄或共病精神疾病的表现方面的差异。这种疾病的异质性使预测治疗结果的努力变得复杂，这表明需要改进诊断和治疗方法。药物开发的重点是治疗酒精戒断症状，减少饮酒和对酒精的渴望，防止复发和治疗相关的精神问题。目前的治疗方法可以通过结合心理社会和药理学方法来优化，以最合适的方案治疗酒精中毒患者，以达到预期的治疗效果。本文将简要描述酒精依赖的神经生物学机制，并回顾批准用于治疗酒精中毒的主要药物，以及每种药物治疗效果的最新临床证据。对其他适应症（例如，抗抑郁药和抗惊厥药），以目标酒精依赖亚型也将讨论。
Alcoholism is a progressive neurological disorder that represents one of the leading preventable causes of morbidity and mortality in the USA. Individuals with alcohol dependence may exhibit differences in their sensitivity to intoxication, the age at which they begin heavy drinking or the presentation of comorbid psychiatric illness. The heterogeneous nature of the disorder has complicated efforts to predict treatment outcomes, indicating a need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Pharmaceutical development has focused on treating the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, reducing consumption of and craving for alcohol, preventing relapse and treating associated psychiatric problems. Current therapies may be optimized by combining psychosocial and pharmacologic approaches to treat alcoholic patients with the most appropriate regimen to achieve the desired therapeutic outcome. This article will describe the neurobiological mechanisms of dependence on alcohol in brief and review major medications approved for the treatment of alcoholism with regard to recent clinical evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of each agent. Investigations on the use of drugs with other indications (e.g., antidepressants and anticonvulsants) to target alcohol-dependent subtypes will also be discussed.