Omicron variant and booster COVID-19 vaccines.
Omicron variant and booster COVID-19 vaccines.
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DOI：
10.1016/s2213-2600(21)00559-2
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发表时间：
2022-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Burki TK
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作者：
Burki TK
2021 年 12 月 13 日，英国卫生安全局 (UKHSA) 确认英格兰一名患者在感染 SARS-CoV-2 omicron 变种后死亡。前一天，首相鲍里斯·约翰逊发起了一项计划，要求在年底前为英国所有成年人提供第三剂 COVID-19 疫苗。约翰逊表示，“我们现在面临紧急情况”。“omicron 浪潮即将到来，恐怕现在很明显，两剂疫苗根本不够。”世卫组织将 omicron 相关风险归类为“非常高”。新变体，也称为 B.1.1。 529 于 2021 年 11 月被识别。此后已在 60 多个国家检测到该病毒。截至《柳叶刀呼吸医学》付印时，英国已登记 10017 例 omicron 病例。真正的案件量可能要大得多。 2021 年 12 月 15 日，英国有 78,610 人检测出 SARS-CoV-2 呈阳性。“将会有越来越多的 omicron 患者进入 NHS、进入医院、进入重症监护室”，英格兰首席医疗官 Chris Whitty 警告说。“在我看来，圣诞节后不久，这种情况就会开始变得明显。”截至 12 月 12 日的一周，非洲记录了 196 000 例 COVID-19 病例，较前一周增加 86%。在首次发现 omicron 的南非，COVID-19 病例增加了 66%。但该国重症监护病房的床位入住率仍然很低。 SARS-CoV-2 原始毒株的 R0 为 2·5，而 delta 变体 (B.1.617.2) 的 R0 略低于 7。伦敦卫生与热带医学学院（英国伦敦）新发传染病教授 Martin Hibberd 估计 omicron 的 R0 可能高达 10。在英国，omicron 病例每 2-3 年就会翻一番。天，其中 预计到 12 月中旬，它将取代 Delta 成为该国的主要变种。这也使控制工作变得复杂。“如果两次接触之间有大约一周的时间，接触者追踪就会很有效。”
On Dec 13, 2021, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) confirmed that a patient in England had died after contracting the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. The previous day, prime minister Boris Johnson launched a drive to offer all adults in the UK a third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine by the end of the year.“We are now facing an emergency”, stated Johnson.“There is a tidal wave of omicron coming and I am afraid it is now clear that two doses of vaccine are simply not enough.” WHO categorises the risk associated with omicron as very high. The new variant, which is also known as B. 1.1. 529, was identified in November, 2021. It has since been detected in more than60 countries. As The Lancet RespiratoryMedicine went to press, the UK had registered 10 017 cases of omicron. The true caseload is likely to be considerably larger. On Dec 15, 2021, 78 610 people tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the UK.“There will be an increasing number of omicron patients going into the NHS, going into hospital, going into intensive cares”, cautioned Chris Whitty, England’s Chief Medical Officer.“That will begin to become apparent, in my view, fairly soon after Christmas.” In the week ending Dec 12, Africa recorded 196 000 cases of COVID-19, an increase of 86% on the previous week. Cases of COVID-19 rose by 66% in South Africa, where omicron was first detected. But bed occupancy rates in the country’s intensive care units remain low. The original strain of SARS-CoV-2 has an R0 of 2· 5, while the delta variant (B. 1.617. 2) has an R0 of just under 7. Martin Hibberd, professor of emerging infectious diseases at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (London, UK), reckons omicron’s R0 could be as high as 10. In the UK, cases of omicron are doubling every 2–3 days, which puts it on track to supplant delta as the dominant variant in the country by mid-December. It also complicates control efforts.“Contact tracing works well if you have about a week between