Intervertebral joint polarity reversions in extant and extinct crocodylians

Intervertebral joint polarity reversions in extant and extinct crocodylians
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现存和灭绝鳄鱼的椎间关节极性反转

DOI:
10.1111/azo.12346
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发表时间:
2020-08
期刊:
影响因子:
1.2
通讯作者:
Tai Kubo
Tai Kubo
中科院分区:
生物学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Masaya Iijima;Tai Kubo

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除了双凸的第一尾椎外,骶前和尾椎的Procoely被认为是Eusuchian鳄形类的一个关键诊断特征,尽管其个体差异可能对进化和功能解释产生影响,仍然没有被探索。在这里,我们研究了19个现存的物种,以及一些化石种类的鳄鱼,以确定个人(种内)的椎间关节极性的变化。我们发现联合改变8个人从7个现存的物种和3个人从2个灭绝的物种。大多数变异标本显示骶尾关节的改变,而单一的四棘骨龙特有地显示多个关节极性反转(子叶到髁状突,反之亦然)在前尾椎。由于骶尾关节极性经常颠倒,第一尾椎变为前凹型,因此在鉴别基底类和外类群的单独第一尾椎时应谨慎。几乎独家发生的关节改变在较少的移动的骶尾关节鳄鱼是一致的假设,即关节改变发生在关节的运动范围较小。
Procoely in presacral and caudal vertebrae except the biconvex first caudal vertebra is regarded as a key diagnostic feature of eusuchian crocodylomorphs, although its individual variation, which may have an impact on the evolutionary and functional interpretations, remains unexplored. Here, we examined 19 extant species as well as a few fossil species of crocodylians to identify individual (intraspecific) variation in the intervertebral joint polarities. We found joint alteration in eight individuals from seven extant species and three individuals from two extinct species. Most variant specimens show sacrocaudal joint alteration, while singleOsteolaemus tetraspispeculiarly displays multiple joint polarity reversions (cotyle to condyle and vice versa) in anterior caudal vertebrae. Because the sacrocaudal joint polarity is frequently reversed and the first caudal vertebra becomes procoelous, caution should be taken when identifying an isolated first caudal vertebra of basal and outgroups of eusuchians. Almost exclusive occurrences of joint alteration at the less mobile sacrocaudal joint in crocodylians are consistent with the hypothesis that the joint alteration takes place at joints with a lesser range of motion.
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