Migrants in transit through Mexico to the US: Experiences with violence and related factors, 2009-2015
Migrants in transit through Mexico to the US: Experiences with violence and related factors, 2009-2015
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0220775
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发表时间：
2019-08-21
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Torres-Robles, Cristian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Leyva-Flores, Rene;Infante, Cesar;Torres-Robles, Cristian
本研究的目的是：1)估计通过墨西哥前往美国的移民在身体、性和心理暴力方面的负担；2)研究这一弱势群体中遭受暴力与社会人口特征、移民背景和健康状况之间的关系。方法采用定性和定量相结合的横断面研究方法，从2009年到2015年，对12023名通过墨西哥过境到美国的移民进行了抽样调查。性别信息（男性、女性、变性人、变性人和异装癖者- ttts -）；国籍;健康状况;迁移的背景;并且获得了暴力的经验。58名移民参加了深度访谈，以探讨他们在旅途中的暴力经历。采用描述性分析和概率回归模型分析与暴力相关的因素。定性信息的分析，以了解经验，意义和对暴力的反应。结果遭受任何形式暴力的总体发生率为29.4%。近24%的人遭受过身体暴力，19.5%的人遭受过心理暴力，约2%的人遭受过性暴力。与男性和女性相比，ttt承受的暴力负担要大得多。中美洲移民（30.6%）和其他国家移民（40.0%）的暴力事件发生率高于墨西哥移民（20.5%）。受访者描述了涉及性、身体和心理暴力以及盗窃甚至绑架的经历。移民不信任警察、移民当局和武装部队，因此通常不愿透露自己的经历。移民在前往美国的途中遭受高度暴力。那些在非正常移徙条件下旅行的人是更大暴力的目标，这种情况因性别不平等而加剧。从中美洲和其他国家经墨西哥过境的移民比墨西哥移民更频繁地遭受暴力。迫切需要采取保护措施，以确保这些人口的人权。
ObjectivesThe objectives of the study are to 1) estimate the burden of physical, sexual, and psychological violence among migrants in transit through Mexico to the US; and 2) examine the associations between experiencing violence and sociodemographic characteristics, migratory background, and health status in this vulnerable population.MethodA cross-sectional study combining qualitative and quantitative methods was carried out from 2009 to 2015 with a sample of 12,023 migrants in transit through Mexico to the US. Information on gender (male, female, and transsexual, transgender and transvestite -TTTs-); nationality; health status; migratory background; and experiences with violence was obtained. Fifty-eight migrants participated in in-depth interviews to explore any experiences of violence during their journey. A descriptive analysis was performed and a probit regression model was applied to analyze the factors associated with violence. Qualitative information was analyzed to understand experiences, meanings and responses to violence.ResultsThe overall prevalence of suffering from any form of violence was 29.4%. Nearly 24% reported physical violence, 19.5% experienced psychological violence, and approximately 2% reported sexual violence. TTTs experienced a significantly greater burden of violence compared to men and women. Violence occurred more frequently among migrants from Central American (30.6%) and other countries (40.0%) than it did among Mexican migrants (20.5%). Experiences involving sexual, physical and psychological violence as well as theft and even kidnapping were described by interviewees. Migrants mistrust the police, migration authorities, and armed forces, and therefore commonly refrain from revealing their experiences.ConclusionMigrants are subjected to a high level of violence while in transit to the US. Those traveling under irregular migratory conditions are targets of even greater violence, a condition exacerbated by gender inequality. Migrants transiting through Mexico from Central American and other countries undergo violence more frequently than do Mexican migrants. Protective measures are urgently needed to ensure the human rights of these populations.