FUNCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF PREFRONTAL CORTEX IN EARLY LIFE AND PROBLEM OF NEURONAL PLASTICITY
FUNCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF PREFRONTAL CORTEX IN EARLY LIFE AND PROBLEM OF NEURONAL PLASTICITY
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DOI：
10.1016/0014-4886(71)90005-7
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发表时间：
1971-01-01
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
GOLDMAN, PS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GOLDMAN, PS
在婴儿期给予选择性眼眶或背外侧前额叶损伤的猴子，与那些在生命后期给予相同损伤的猴子进行了一系列已知对前额叶障碍敏感的测试。这些猴子最初在12-18个月大时接受测试，后来在24个月大时重新评估了其中一项前额测量。在较早的测试年龄，在婴儿期给予眼眶病变的猴子和在青少年期给予相同病变的猴子一样受损，而在婴儿期给予背外侧切除的猴子与在青少年期手术的猴子相比表现出功能保留。然而，在后来的测试年龄，在婴儿期接受手术的两组猴子的站立状态发生了逆转：眼眶损伤组现在几乎完全恢复，而背外侧损伤后的恢复程度则不那么令人印象深刻。这些发现表明，早期脑损伤后存在两种类型的功能保留：一种是早期背外侧损伤的例子，随着相关皮质区域达到功能成熟，功能保留变得越来越不明显;另一种是早期眼眶消融的猴子，残留区域可能取代受损皮质的功能。这后一个修复过程，它提出，很可能发生在某些基本条件得到满足：有一个区域在手术后保持完整，这是功能相关的受损皮层;和，这个区域是相对的“不致力于”自己的功能发展时，脑损伤。
Monkeys given selective orbital or dorsolateral prefrontal lesions in infancy were compared with those given identical lesions later in life on a battery of tests known to be sensitive to prefrontal disorders. The monkeys were initially tested when they were 12–18 months of age and were later reassessed on one of the prefrontal measures at 24 months of age. At the earlier testing ages, the monkeys given orbital lesions in infancy were as impaired as monkeys given identical lesions as juveniles, while the monkeys given dorsolateral resections as infants exhibited sparing of function in comparison with those operated upon in the juvenile period. At the later testing age, however, the two groups of monkeys that were operated upon in infancy reversed their standing: the group with orbital lesions now gave evidence of virtually complete recovery whereas the extent of recovery after the dorsolateral lesions was less impressive. These findings suggest two types of functional sparing after early brain damage: one, exemplified in the case of early dorsolateral lesions, in which the sparing becomes increasingly less impressive as the cortical area in question attains functional maturity; and the other, revealed in the monkeys with the early orbital ablations, in which a residual area may come to subsume the functions of the damaged cortex. This latter reparative process, it is proposed, is likely to occur when certain essential conditions are met: there is a region remaining intact after surgery which is functionally related to the damaged cortex; and, this region is relatively “uncommitted” to its own functional development at the time of brain injury.