Wadeable streams as widespread sources of benthic cyanotoxins in California, USA
Wadeable streams as widespread sources of benthic cyanotoxins in California, USA
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DOI：
10.1016/j.hal.2015.09.002
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发表时间：
2015-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Sheath, Robert G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fetscher, A. Elizabeth;Howard, Meredith D. A.;Sheath, Robert G.
长期以来，人们一直认为，在某些条件下，低温水体和大型河流易受产毒（“致毒”）蓝藻水华的影响。虽然底栖蓝藻通常栖息在可涉水的（即，浅）溪流，很少有关于蓝藻毒素的可能性的报道（例如，微囊藻毒素）的产生。最近在美国加州蒙特雷湾进行的研究表明，源自内陆的微囊藻毒素与海洋环境中大量海獭死亡有关，这一发现说明，由于河流的迁移，蓝藻毒素可能对生态系统服务产生负面影响，即使是在远离其原产地的下游。在本研究中，在2007年至2013年的春季和夏季，在整个加州对>1200个可涉水的河流段进行了调查，并发现潜在的致藻性底栖蓝藻的发生率很高。此外，在2011年至2013年进行测试的三分之一地点（N=368）中检测到底栖微囊藻毒素，主要是基于一次性采样（平均浓度为46微克/平方米河底）。检测到微囊藻毒素的地点跨越了各种周围的土地利用类型，从开放空间（即，未开发土地）到高度城市化/农业。还测量了Lyngbyatoxin（n = 14）、石房蛤毒素（n = 99）和类毒素-a（n = 33），在亚组的网站上，也检测到，尽管比微囊藻毒素的速率低。这项研究的结果提供了强有力的证据，可涉水流可能是重要的来源，蓝藻毒素输入接收沃茨，这一发现有影响的饮用水，野生动物和娱乐资源的管理，在流本身和下游河流，静水水体，和海洋。(C)2015 Elsevier B. V.版权所有。
Lentic water bodies and large rivers have long been recognized as being susceptible, under certain conditions, to toxin-producing ("toxigenic") planktonic cyanobacterial blooms. Although benthic cyanobacteria commonly inhabit wadeable (i.e., shallow) streams, little has been published on the potential for cyanotoxin (e.g., microcystin) production in this water body type. Recent research in Monterey Bay, California, USA has linked inland-derived microcystins to numerous sea otter mortalities in the marine environment, a finding that illustrates the negative effects cyanotoxins can have on ecosystem services, even far downstream from their origin, due to fluvial transport. For the present study, surveys of >1200 wadeable stream segments were conducted throughout California during the spring and summer of 2007 through 2013, and revealed a high occurrence of potentially toxigenic benthic cyanobacteria. In addition, benthic microcystins were detected in one-third of sites, where tested (N=368), based primarily on one-time sampling, from 2011 to 2013 (mean concentration was 46 mu g/m(2) of stream-bottom). Sites where microcystins were detected spanned a variety of surrounding land-use types, from open space (i.e., undeveloped land) to heavily urbanized/agricultural. Lyngbyatoxin (n = 14), saxitoxins (n = 99), and anatoxin-a (n = 33) were also measured, at subsets of sites, and were also detected, albeit at lower rates than microcystins. Results of this study provide strong evidence that wadeable streams could be significant sources of cyanotoxin inputs to receiving waters, a finding that has implications for the management of drinking water, wildlife, and recreational resources, within both the streams themselves and in downstream rivers, lentic water bodies, and the ocean. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.