Sociocultural Construction of Disability in Sri Lanka: Charity to Rights-based Approach
Sociocultural Construction of Disability in Sri Lanka: Charity to Rights-based Approach
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斯里兰卡残疾人的社会文化建设：慈善到基于权利的方法
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发表时间：
2017
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通讯作者：
C. Liyanage
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Liyanage
本章重点探讨斯里兰卡残疾问题的社会文化建构及其对残疾人日常生活的影响。该分析基于不同社会环境中的人种学研究。与特定背景特征相比，从慈善角度来看，残疾仅被定义为一个人的身体或智力损伤，其中业力意识形态通过为人类之间不平等的存在提供理由而发挥着至关重要的作用。该建设对残疾人日常生活的各个方面都产生了不利影响。对残疾人的歧视源于家庭本身，并因其他社会制度而加剧。因此，不仅是外行人的态度，而且服务提供者的态度也表明，没有迹象表明对待残疾人问题从慈善转向基于权利的态度。尽管斯里兰卡制定了国家残疾人政策来促进残疾人权利，但在执行层面仍存在巨大差距。在承认社会模式优势的同时，本章认为，残疾问题需要采取综合方法来赋予残疾人权力，并动员整个社会为包容性社会创造一个合理的环境，将残疾视为多样性的一部分。政府和民间社会组织在从慈善角度转向基于权利的残疾人方针方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
This chapter focuses on exploring the socio-cultural construction of disability in Sri Lanka and its impact on the everyday lives of persons with disability. The analysis is based on an ethnographic study in diverse social settings. As against context-specific characteristics, disability is defined merely as a physical or intellectual impairment of a person from a charity perspective where the ideology of karma plays a crucial role by providing a justification for the existence of inequality among human beings. The construction has adverse effects on all domains of the everyday lives of persons with disabilities. Discrimination against persons with disability originates from family itself that reinforces by other social institutions. Thus, not only the attitudes of lay people but also of service providers suggest no signs of moving from charity to a rights-based approach toward disability. Though Sri Lanka has a National Policy on Disability to promote rights of people with disability, there are huge gaps existing at the level of enforcement. While acknowledging the strengths of social mode, the chapter argues that disability demands an integrated approach toward empowering persons with disabilities and to mobilize the entire society to create an environment with reasonable accommodation for an inclusive society that accepts disability as part of the diversity. The government and civil society organizations have a crucial role in moving forward from a charity perspective to a rights-based approach toward disability.