Combining personal with social information facilitates host defences and explains why cuckoos should be secretive.
Combining personal with social information facilitates host defences and explains why cuckoos should be secretive.
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DOI：
10.1038/srep19872
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发表时间：
2016-01-22
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Davies NB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thorogood R;Davies NB
个体常常会根据当地的捕食或寄生风险而改变防御措施。但是，当他们的敌人躲藏起来是有好处的时候，他们应该如何评估威胁水平？对于常见的杜鹃宿主，评估寄生风险是具有挑战性的：杜鹃卵是模仿的，成年杜鹃是秘密的，类似于鹰。在这里，我们表明，卵排斥芦苇莺依赖于结合个人和社会信息的本地风险。我们提出了模型杜鹃或控制在一对自己的巢（入侵者的个人信息）和/或在邻近的领土上，他们被吸引的广播报警电话（社会信息）。只有当宿主被杜鹃的社会和个人信息所提醒时，才会刺激对实验卵的拒绝。然而，拒绝蛋的夫妇并不更有可能围攻杜鹃。因此，虽然宿主可以从布谷鸟的视线中评估风险，但布谷鸟无法判断她的蛋是否会被宿主接受。我们的研究结果揭示了宿主如何对寄生的局部变化做出快速反应，以及为什么布谷鸟会秘密行事，既避免提醒它们的目标，又限制了社会信息在当地宿主社区的传播。
Individuals often vary defences in response to local predation or parasitism risk. But how should they assess threat levels when it pays their enemies to hide? For common cuckoo hosts, assessing parasitism risk is challenging: cuckoo eggs are mimetic and adult cuckoos are secretive and resemble hawks. Here, we show that egg rejection by reed warblers depends on combining personal and social information of local risk. We presented model cuckoos or controls at a pair’s own nest (personal information of an intruder) and/or on a neighbouring territory, to which they were attracted by broadcasts of alarm calls (social information). Rejection of an experimental egg was stimulated only when hosts were alerted by both social and personal information of cuckoos. However, pairs that rejected eggs were not more likely to mob a cuckoo. Therefore, while hosts can assess risk from the sight of a cuckoo, a cuckoo cannot gauge if her egg will be accepted from host mobbing. Our results reveal how hosts respond rapidly to local variation in parasitism, and why it pays cuckoos to be secretive, both to avoid alerting their targets and to limit the spread of social information in the local host neighbourhood.