Yield, yield stability and farmers' preferences of evolutionary populations of bread wheat: A dynamic solution to climate change
Yield, yield stability and farmers' preferences of evolutionary populations of bread wheat: A dynamic solution to climate change
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.eja.2020.126156
复制
发表时间：
2020-11-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Ceccarelli, Salvatore
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bocci, Riccardo;Bussi, Bettina;Ceccarelli, Salvatore
需要重新考虑生物多样性在植物育种中的作用，以应对气候变化、人口增长、人类健康和粮食安全、安全和主权的复杂性、地点特殊性和综合挑战。从生物学的角度来看，源自进化植物育种的异质植物种群可以解决大部分重大挑战。在有机农业条件下的四个地点进行了四年多的田间试验，以检验这样一种假设：在不同地点种植的进化种群会进化以适应当地条件并变得彼此不同。该实验还包括混合物、地方品种和现代面包小麦品种。结果表明，在自然选择的唯一影响下，谷物产量的发散选择表明，表现最好的进化群体的产量与商业品种一样多或更高。农民在某一进化群体中的选择能够有效地提高产量和产量稳定性，使其高于原始群体在不同年份和地点的产量和稳定性。农民的偏好并不总是与粮食产量相关，也不依赖于性别。我们的结论是，进化种群能够逐渐进化，适应其种子繁殖的每种环境，达到高而稳定的产量水平，从而确保农民的收入，无论是种子还是谷物。
The role of biodiversity in plant breeding needs to be reconsidered to cope with the complexity, location specificity and combined challenges of climate change, human population increase, human health and food security, safety and sovereignty. From a biological viewpoint, heterogeneous plant populations derived from evolutionary plant breeding may address most of these grand challenges. Field trials were conducted over four years and four locations under organic farming conditions to test the hypothesis that evolutionary populations planted in contrasting locations, evolve adapting to the local conditions and becoming distinct from one another. The experiment also included mixtures, landraces and a modern variety of bread wheat. The results show evidence of divergent selection for grain yield under the sole effect of natural selection by which the best performing evolutionary populations yielded as much or more than the commercial variety. Farmers' selection within one of the evolutionary populations was effective in improving yield and yield stability above those of the original population across years and locations. Farmers' preference was not always associated with grain yield and was not gender dependent. We conclude that evolutionary populations are able to gradually evolve, adapting to each environment in which their seed is multiplied, reaching high and stable yield levels thus ensuring income to farmers, both as seed and as grain.