Complex interactions between marine sponges and their symbiotic microbial communities
Complex interactions between marine sponges and their symbiotic microbial communities
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DOI：
10.4319/lo.2011.56.5.1577
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Thacker, Robert W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Freeman, Christopher J.;Thacker, Robert W.
为了研究共生体来源的营养对宿主海绵的重要性，我们将操纵遮光实验与孤立的共生体和宿主细胞组分的稳定同位素分析相结合。实验采用四种常见的珊瑚礁海绵进行：茎状Aplysina cauliformis、A. fulva、Neopetrosia subtriangularis和Niphates erecta。海绵N.直立缺乏光合共生菌，有较高的生长速度在遮荫条件下，并显示在叶绿素a（Chl a）浓度没有差异的治疗。同位素值表明，这种海绵从水柱中的颗粒有机物中获得营养。相反，海绵宿主蓝藻共生体（Aplysina spp.和Neopetrosia）在遮荫条件下生长速率和叶绿素a浓度较低，表明这些宿主依赖于光合共生体营养。海绵和微生物细胞组分的δ（15）N和δ（13）C值表明，在A. cauliformis，N. subtriangularis，A.富尔瓦。在阴影条件下，共生体δ（13）C值的变化与宿主δ（13）C值的变化相关联，这表明这些相互作用的稳定性在不同的宿主物种中存在差异。共生体衍生的营养物质被转移到宿主海绵的细胞中，在宿主物种之间观察到的变异性表明这些相互作用比最初假设的更复杂。
To investigate the importance of symbiont-derived nutrition to host sponges, we coupled manipulative shading experiments with stable isotope analyses of isolated symbiont and host cell fractions. Experiments were conducted with four common reef sponges: Aplysina cauliformis, A. fulva, Neopetrosia subtriangularis, and Niphates erecta. The sponge N. erecta lacks photosymbionts, had a higher growth rate under shaded conditions, and displayed no difference in chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations across treatments. Isotope values suggested that this sponge obtains nutrition from particulate organic matter in the water column. In contrast, sponges hosting cyanobacterial symbionts (Aplysina spp. and Neopetrosia) had lower growth rates and lower Chl a concentrations under shaded conditions, suggesting that these hosts rely on photosymbiont nutrition. delta(15)N and delta(13)C values of sponge and microbial cell fractions demonstrated that, while both carbon and nitrogen are transferred from symbionts to host cells in A. cauliformis, only carbon is transferred in N. subtriangularis, and only nitrogen is transferred in A. fulva. Under shaded conditions, shifts in symbiont delta(13)C values were coupled to shifts in host delta(13)C values in some, but not all, host species, suggesting that the stability of these interactions varies across host species. Symbiont-derived nutrients are transferred to the cells of host sponges, and the variability observed among host species indicates that these interactions are more complex than originally hypothesized.