Targeting outcomes redux
Targeting outcomes redux
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DOI：
10.1093/wbro/lkh016
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发表时间：
2004-03-01
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
Hoddinott, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coady, D;Grosh, M;Hoddinott, J
一个新建立的综合数据库，在48个国家的122个有针对性的扶贫干预措施被用来审查有争议的问题，有针对性的干预措施在发展中国家的效力。虽然中位数计划向贫困个人（最底层的五分之二人口）转移的资金比普遍分配计划多25%，但四分之一的干预措施是倒退的。在较富裕的国家，在政府更有可能被问责的国家，以及在不平等程度较高的国家，有针对性的做法更好。采用经济状况调查、地理定位和基于工作要求的自我选择的干预措施，都与穷人获得的福利份额增加有关。代理手段测试，社区为基础的选择，并以儿童为目标的人口显示出良好的平均结果，但有很大的差异。基于消费的自我选择、针对老年人的人口统计以及社区竞标显示出有限的良好定位潜力。在特定方案类型和特定目标确定方法中，目标确定的绩效差异很大，这表明，执行方面的差异也是决定针对穷人的目标是否成功的重要因素。
A newly constructed comprehensive database of 122 targeted antipoverty interventions in 48 countries is used to examine the contested issue of the efficacy of targeting interventions in developing countries. Though the median program transfers 25 percent more to poor individuals (those in the bottom two quintiles) than would universal allocation, a quarter of the interventions are regressive. Targeting is better in richer countries, in countries where governments are more likely to be held accountable, and in countries where inequality is higher. Interventions that use means testing, geographic targeting, and self-selection based on a work requirement are all associated with an increased share of benefits going to poor people. Proxy-means testing, community-based selection, and demographic targeting to children show good results on average but with wide variation. Self-selection based on consumption, demographic targeting to the elderly, and community bidding show limited potential for good targeting. The substantial variation in targeting performance within specific program types and specific targeting methods suggests that differences in implementation are also important factors in determining the success of targeting to poor individuals.