Seismic Tomography of Nabro Caldera, Eritrea: Insights Into the Magmatic and Hydrothermal Systems of a Recently Erupted Volcano

Seismic Tomography of Nabro Caldera, Eritrea: Insights Into the Magmatic and Hydrothermal Systems of a Recently Erupted Volcano
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厄立特里亚纳布罗火山口的地震层析成像:深入了解最近爆发的火山的岩浆和热液系统

DOI:
10.1029/2022jb025742
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Gauntlett M
Gauntlett M
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gauntlett M

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了解地壳结构和火山下流体的储存和运动,对于确定火山危险性、地热前景和潜在矿产资源是必要的。本研究利用当地地震走时层析成像技术,对位于埃塞俄比亚-厄立特里亚边境附近达纳基尔微板块中部的一座非裂谷火山Nabro下的地震速度结构进行了成像。2011年6月,纳伯罗火山经历了历史上第一次有记录的喷发,从而提供了一个通过绘制地下流体分布来分析喷发后状态的机会。我们使用临时地震阵列上检测到的地震目录,使用机器学习方法同时重新定位地震活动性并反演三维P波和S波速度结构(VP,VS)及其比率(VP/VS)。总的来说,我们的模型显示出高于平均水平的纵波和横波速度,表明地壳中存在高强度、固化的侵入岩浆岩。我们在6-10 km b.s.l深度确定了一个低vp、低vs和高vp / vs比的地震区,这被解释为2011年火山喷发的主要熔体储存区。上面是一个高vs、低vp和低vp / vs比的区域,代表了一个部分饱和过压气体的裂缝岩石侵入复合体。我们的观测确定了火山喷发后地下岩浆的持久性,并追踪了这种融化通过地壳到地表的脱气过程。浅层地壳中挥发物和高温的存在表明纳布罗是地热勘探的可行候选者。
Understanding the crustal structure and the storage and movement of fluids beneath a volcano is necessary for characterizing volcanic hazard, geothermal prospects and potential mineral resources. This study uses local earthquake traveltime tomography to image the seismic velocity structure beneath Nabro, an off‐rift volcano located within the central part of the Danakil microplate near the Ethiopia‐Eritrea border. Nabro underwent its first historically documented eruption in June 2011, thereby providing an opportunity to analyze its post‐eruptive state by mapping subsurface fluid distributions. We use a catalog of earthquakes detected on a temporary seismic array using machine learning methods to simultaneously relocate the seismicity and invert for the three‐dimensional P‐ and S‐wave velocity structures (VP,VS) and the ratio between them (VP/VS). Overall, our model shows higher than average P‐ and S‐wave velocities, suggesting the presence of high‐strength, solidified intrusive magmatic rocks in the crust. We identify an aseismic region of lowVP, lowVS, and highVP/VSratio at depths of 6–10 km b.s.l., interpreted as the primary melt storage region that fed the 2011 eruption. Above this is a zone of highVS, lowVP, and lowVP/VSratio, representing an intrusive complex of fractured rocks partially saturated with over‐pressurized gases. Our observations identify the persistence of magma in the subsurface following the eruption, and track the degassing of this melt through the crust to the surface. The presence of volatiles and high temperatures within the shallow crust indicate that Nabro is a viable candidate for geothermal exploration.
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