Malignant cancer and invasive placentation: A case for positive pleiotropy between endometrial and malignancy phenotypes.
Malignant cancer and invasive placentation: A case for positive pleiotropy between endometrial and malignancy phenotypes.
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DOI：
10.1093/emph/eou022
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发表时间：
2014-10-15
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wagner GP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D'Souza AW;Wagner GP
癌症转移是一个侵入性过程，涉及细胞移植到新的环境中。由于人类胎盘形成也是侵入性的，关于真兽目哺乳动物中侵入性胎盘形成与转移之间关系的假说已经被提出。转移性癌和侵袭性胎盘形成之间的关系通常以拮抗多效性的形式呈现。根据这一假说，侵入性胎盘形成的进化也建立了癌症转移的机制。在这里，相反，我们认为，在一些哺乳动物谱系中的侵入性较小的胎盘的二次进化可能导致了积极的多效性的影响，降低恶性肿瘤的发生率，对癌症的生存。这些积极的多效性作用将表现为对癌细胞侵袭的抵抗力。为了对这一提议进行初步检验，我们重新分析了来自普里斯特和曼特尔的数据（家畜肿瘤的发生率。数据来自12所美国和加拿大兽医学院。J Natl Cancer Inst 1971;47：1333-44）关于牛、马、猫和狗中的恶性肿瘤率。从我们的分析中，我们发现，马和牛，具有较少侵入性胎盘的动物，在皮肤和腺上皮癌以及结缔组织肉瘤中，转移性癌症的发生率低于猫和犬。我们的结论是，胎盘类型和物种特异性恶性肿瘤率之间的联系更可能与抑制入侵的衍生机制有关，而不是不同程度的胎儿胎盘侵略性。
Cancer metastasis is an invasive process that involves the transplantation of cells into new environments. Since human placentation is also invasive, hypotheses about a relationship between invasive placentation in eutherian mammals and metastasis have been proposed. The relationship between metastatic cancer and invasive placentation is usually presented in terms of antagonistic pleiotropy. According to this hypothesis, evolution of invasive placentation also established the mechanisms for cancer metastasis. Here, in contrast, we argue that the secondary evolution of less invasive placentation in some mammalian lineages may have resulted in positive pleiotropic effects on cancer survival by lowering malignancy rates. These positive pleiotropic effects would manifest themselves as resistance to cancer cell invasion. To provide a preliminary test of this proposal, we re-analyze data from Priester and Mantel (Occurrence of tumors in domestic animals. Data from 12 United States and Canadian colleges of veterinary medicine. J Natl Cancer Inst 1971;47:1333-44) about malignancy rates in cows, horses, cats and dogs. From our analysis we found that equines and bovines, animals with less invasive placentation, have lower rates of metastatic cancer than felines and canines in skin and glandular epithelial cancers as well as connective tissue sarcomas. We conclude that a link between type of placentation and species-specific malignancy rates is more likely related to derived mechanisms that suppress invasion rather than different degrees of fetal placental aggressiveness.