ORGANIZATION OF VISUAL CORTICAL INPUTS TO THE STRIATUM AND SUBSEQUENT OUTPUTS TO THE PALLIDONIGRAL COMPLEX IN THE MONKEY
ORGANIZATION OF VISUAL CORTICAL INPUTS TO THE STRIATUM AND SUBSEQUENT OUTPUTS TO THE PALLIDONIGRAL COMPLEX IN THE MONKEY
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DOI：
10.1002/cne.902980202
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发表时间：
1990-08-08
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
DESIMONE, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
SAINTCYR, JA;UNGERLEIDER, LG;DESIMONE, R
为了确定组织的视觉输入和输出的纹状体，我们放置了多个逆行和顺行示踪剂到生理上确定的部分纹状体已知接收输入的视觉皮层在七只猕猴。注射部位包括尾状核尾侧和尾状核尾侧（14例）、尾状核头部（1例）和腹侧壳核（3例）。逆行标记的细胞主要位于同侧皮质的第5层，但也发现在第3层和第6层。尾状核注射后，标记的细胞被发现在大的，几乎连续的区域的皮质地形相关的网站的注射，并在几个较小的皮质区域，是不连续的和常见的许多或所有的注射部位。连续标记的区域包括几乎所有已知的视觉皮层区域，除了纹状体皮层。在吻侧尾注射后，连续标记的区域包括Bonin和Bailey的吻侧部分（Urbana：University of Illinois Press，′ ′ 47）是TE和TF、TH、TG的相邻部分，偶尔还有35区（Brodmann，Leipzig：J.A. Barth，'09）.注射到后尾和腹侧海马后，标记区域向后移动TE和TF，并进入TEO和腹侧部分的前纹状体区V4，V3，和（稀疏）V2。随着注射部位进入背侧丘脑，标记区域向顶叶背侧移动，包括纹前区MT和PO、顶叶区PG（Brodmann 7区）、腹侧和外侧顶内沟区（分别为VIP和LIP）以及PE区和邻近区LC（分别为Brodmann 5区和23区）。由许多不同注射标记的不连续区域包括主沟/额眼区、前扣带皮层和上级颞多感觉区。因此，颞叶、枕叶和顶叶的视觉皮层区域投射到尾状核的距离很大程度上取决于它们之间的接近程度，而某些多模态皮层区域的投射范围似乎要大得多。为了确定视觉皮层区域是否有额外的预测超出了我们的逆行注射部位在尾部和尾状核的领土，3 H-标记的氨基酸注射到区域TE，V4，和MT在三个additonal猴子。在这些病例中，尾状核尾部和尾侧的标记的地形位置与逆行示踪剂注射到尾状核中的结果一致。然而，除了在尾部的标记之外，TE注射导致在尾状核的头部中的单独的中等标记焦点，证实了货车Hoesen等人（J.Comp.Neurol.，’81，199：205-219）。在许多皮质下部位发现逆行和顺行标记。标记细胞分布于杏仁核外侧基底核、黑质腹侧被盖区、束旁核。顺行标记的主要部位是黑质网状部（SNr）的外侧部和苍白球（GP）的内、外侧亚部的尾部。不同于地形布置的皮质输入尾状核，从遥远的部分的尾巴和尾状核的预测似乎是高度收敛的SNR和GP。由于已知从外侧SNr到上级丘以及从外侧SNr和尾侧GP间接到前额叶皮质（包括额叶眼野）的投射，纹状体可能在视神经控制和视觉关联的视觉通路中提供重要的联系。
To determine the organization of visual inputs and outputs of the striatum, we placed multiple retrograde and anteriograde tracers into physiologically identified portions of the striatum known to receive inputs from visual cortex in seven macaques. The injection sites included the tail and genu of the caudate nucleus (14 cases), the head of the caudate (1 case), and the ventral putamen (3 cases). Retrogradely labeled cells were located predominantly in layer 5 of the ipsilateral cortex but were also found in layers 3 and 6. After caudate injections, labeled cells were found both in large, nearly continuous regions of cortex topographically related to the site of the injection, and in several smaller cortical regions that were discontinous and common to many or all of the injection sites. The continuously labeled regions included nearly all known visual cortical areas, except for the striate cortex. After injections in the rostral tail, the continuously labeled region included the rostral portion of Bonin and Bailey''s (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, ''47) are TE and adjacent portions of TF, TH, TG, and, occasionally, area 35 (Brodmann, Leipzig: J. A. Barth, ''09). After injections into the posterior tail and ventral genu, the labeled region shifted posteriorly in TE and TF, and into TEO and the ventral parts of prestriate areas V4, V3, and (sparsely) V2. As the injection site was advanced into the dorsal genu, the labeled region shifted dorsally toward the parietal lobe, including prestriate areas MT and PO, parietal area PG (Brodmann''s area 7), the ventral and lateral intraparietal sulcal areas (VIP and LIP, respectively), and area PE and adjacent area LC (Brodmann''s areas 5 and 23, respectively). The discontinous areas labeled by many different injections included the principal sulcus/frontal eye field region, the anterior cingulate cortex, and the superior temporal polysensory area. Thus, whereas temporal, occipital, and parietal visual cortical areas project into the caudate largely according to proximity, certain multimodal cortical areas seem to have a much wider projection. To determine whether visual cortical areas have additional projections to the caudate beyond the territory of our retrograde injection sites in the tail and genu, 3H-labeled amino acids were injected into areas TE, V4, and MT in three additonal monkeys. The topographic location of label in the tail and genu of the caudate in these cases was consistent with the results from injections of retrograde tracers into the caudate. However, in addition to label in the tail, the TE injection resulted in a separate moderate focus of label in the head of the caudate, confirming Van Hoesen et al. (J. Comp. Neurol., ''81, 199:205-219). Both retrograde and anterograde label was found in a number of subcortical sites. Labeled cells were found in the lateral basal nucleus of the amygdala, the substantia nigra pars compacta, the ventral tegmental area, and the parafascicular nucleus. The primary sites of anteriograde label were the pars lateralis portion of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and the caudal portions of the internal and external subdivisions of the globus pallidus (GP). Unlike the topographic arrangement of cortical inputs to the caudate, projections from distant portions of the tail and genu appeared to be highly convergent in both the SNr and GP. Because of the known projections from the lateral SNr to the superior colliculus and from the lateral SNr and caudal GP indirectly to prefrontal cortex, including the frontal eye field, the striatum may provide an important link in a visual pathway underlying oculomotor control and visuomotor associations.