Has Toxicity Testing Moved into the 21st Century? A Survey and Analysis of Perceptions in the Field of Toxicology.
Has Toxicity Testing Moved into the 21st Century? A Survey and Analysis of Perceptions in the Field of Toxicology.
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毒性测试是否已进入21世纪？对毒理学领域的看法的调查和分析。
DOI：
10.1289/ehp1435
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发表时间：
2017-08-30
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Allard P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zaunbrecher V;Beryt E;Parodi D;Telesca D;Doherty J;Malloy T;Allard P
十年前，毒理学领域的领导者呼吁对该学科进行变革，从主要依赖传统的动物试验转向将生物技术和预测方法的进步纳入替代试验战略(ATS)。政府机构以及学术和行业合作伙伴发起了支持这种转变的计划，但十年后，这些努力的结果并未得到很好的理解。我们的目标是评估安非他明类兴奋剂的使用，以及毒物学家和其他毒物学领域的工作人员或与之密切相关的其他人对其采用的感知障碍和驱动因素。我们调查了1381名毒理学家和相关领域的专家，调查了ATS的生存能力和使用情况，以及ATS在一系列应用中的感知障碍和驱动因素。我们对调查数据进行了排名、等级聚类和相关性分析。许多答复者表示，他们已经在使用安非他明类兴奋剂，或者认为安非他明类兴奋剂已经是可行的方法，用于对他们感兴趣或关注的主要领域的一个或多个终点进行毒理学评估(26%-86%，取决于具体的安非他明类兴奋剂/应用对)。然而，报告在过去12个月内使用安非他明类兴奋剂的受访者比例较小(4.5-41%)。对监管接受的担忧是阻碍ATS采用的最常见的因素，各种技术方面的担忧也被认为是ATS生存的重大障碍。最常被提及的在推动采用安非他明类兴奋剂方面发挥重要作用的因素(目前或未来)是：需要加快毒理学信息、需要降低毒性测试成本、监管机构的需求以及伦理或道德方面的担忧。我们的发现表明，毒理学领域的转变已经部分实现，但接受和采用仍然存在重大障碍。Https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1435
Ten years ago, leaders in the field of toxicology called for a transformation of the discipline and a shift from primarily relying on traditional animal testing to incorporating advances in biotechnology and predictive methodologies into alternative testing strategies (ATS). Governmental agencies and academic and industry partners initiated programs to support such a transformation, but a decade later, the outcomes of these efforts are not well understood. We aimed to assess the use of ATS and the perceived barriers and drivers to their adoption by toxicologists and by others working in, or closely linked with, the field of toxicology. We surveyed 1,381 toxicologists and experts in associated fields regarding the viability and use of ATS and the perceived barriers and drivers of ATS for a range of applications. We performed ranking, hierarchical clustering, and correlation analyses of the survey data. Many respondents indicated that they were already using ATS, or believed that ATS were already viable approaches, for toxicological assessment of one or more end points in their primary area of interest or concern (26–86%, depending on the specific ATS/application pair). However, the proportions of respondents reporting use of ATS in the previous 12 mo were smaller (4.5–41%). Concern about regulatory acceptance was the most commonly cited factor inhibiting the adoption of ATS, and a variety of technical concerns were also cited as significant barriers to ATS viability. The factors most often cited as playing a significant role (currently or in the future) in driving the adoption of ATS were the need for expedited toxicology information, the need for reduced toxicity testing costs, demand by regulatory agencies, and ethical or moral concerns. Our findings indicate that the transformation of the field of toxicology is partly implemented, but significant barriers to acceptance and adoption remain. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1435