A Proximity-Based Social Network of a Group of Sichuan Snub-Nosed Monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana)
A Proximity-Based Social Network of a Group of Sichuan Snub-Nosed Monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana)
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DOI：
10.1007/s10764-012-9608-1
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发表时间：
2012-06
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Peng Zhang;Baoguo Li;X. Qi;Andrew J. J. MacIntosh-Andrew-J.-J.-MacIntosh-3206832;Kunio Watanabe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Peng Zhang;Baoguo Li;X. Qi;Andrew J. J. MacIntosh-Andrew-J.-J.-MacIntosh-3206832;Kunio Watanabe
研究个体之间的空间邻近性对于理解社会结构很重要，因为动物更有可能在空间上与个体近距离互动。在这里，我们将社会网络分析应用于2001年至2003年从中国中部秦岭单独识别的、供应的、自由活动的四川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus Roxellana)群中收集的邻近数据。我们的目标是量化社交网络结构，并洞察每个人在社交网络结构中的位置。研究波段的整体网络连通性较稀疏，群密度较低，为0.17。通过系统聚类分析，我们确定了研究带中的9个一雄多雌单位(OMU)，这证实了该物种在其自然栖息地形成了一个多层次的社会。基于特征向量和中介中心度的性别差异，成年女性比男性具有更重要的社会角色。在女性中，哺乳期女性的中间度和特征向量中心度得分高于其他女性。然而，我们的结果并不表明在学习带的社会网络中存在关键个体(S)。该条带的整体聚类系数为0.3 ± 0.1，个体间差异不大，表明任何特定个体的消失或死亡都不会显著破坏其总体网络结构。我们的结果还表明，亲近通常发生在单位成员之间，但也可能发生在不同OMU的雌性成员之间。这些观察表明，金丝猴拥有一种松散或流动的社会制度，而不是僵硬的雌性结合的社会制度，这可能是生活在多层次社会中的物种的共同趋势。
Studies of spatial proximity between individuals are important for an understanding of social structure because animals are more likely to interact with individuals in close spatial proximity. Here, we apply social network analysis to proximity data collected between 2001 and 2003 from an individually identified, provisioned, free-ranging band of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in the Qinling Mountains, central China. We aimed to quantify the social network structure and to gain insight into each individual’s position within the social network. The overall network connectivity of the study band was sparse, with a low group density of 0.17. We identified nine one-male-multifemale units (OMUs) in the study band using hierarchical cluster analysis, which confirms that this species forms a multilevel society in its natural habitat. Based on sex differences in eigenvector and betweenness centralities, adult females have more important social roles than males. Among females, lactating females scored higher betweenness and eigenvector centralities than other females. However, our results do not suggest the existence of key individual(s) in the social network of the study band. The global clustering coefficient characteristic of the band was 0.3 ± 0.1, with little variation between individuals, suggesting that the removal or death of any specific individual would not significantly disrupt its general network structure. Our results also show that proximity commonly occurs among unit members, but can also occur between females of different OMUs. These observations suggest that snub-nosed monkeys have a loose-knit or fluid rather than a rigid female-bonded social system, which may be a common trend for species living in multilevel societies.