Adaptation to reality in early infancy.
Adaptation to reality in early infancy.
复制标题
婴儿早期对现实的适应。
DOI：
10.1080/21674086.1938.11925348
复制
发表时间：
1938
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Benedek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Benedek
新生儿的心理和生理是不可分割的。新生儿本能反应的精神分析理论是基于这样一个事实，即婴儿在离开子宫时，它提供的刺激相对较少，进入一个提供过多刺激的环境。因为没有保护屏障（Reiz。schutz）对抗这些刺激的能力已经发展起来，婴儿被兴奋淹没了。这个分析概念并不与普遍接受的新生儿神经系统尚未成熟的假设相冲突。这种不成熟，在其所有的生理细节上还没有完全理解，是新生儿和婴儿早期的运动兴奋性比以后的生活要大得多的原因，近年来，对新生儿早期反应的观察得出了一个普遍接受的观点，即新生儿对各种形式的刺激的反应都是不明显的，一般性运动放电许多舞蹈性手足徐动症样运动，太模糊，无法描述，即使在睡眠中也不会完全停止。这些运动，在来自外部的强烈刺激或来自内部的本能需求刺激的影响下，增加到真正的“兴奋风暴”（II）。[1]“兴奋风暴”侵袭整个运动系统，包括内脏。哭泣只是“兴奋风暴”的一种特殊形式;从这个意义上说，它不是一种目的论行为，因为它有一个目标
The psychology and the physiology of the newborn can not be separated from one another. The psychoanalytic theory of the instinctual reactions of the newborn is based upon the fact that the infant upon leaving the womb, which offers comparatively few stimuli, enters into an environment which presents a superabundance of them. Because no protective barrier (Reiz. schutz) against these stimuli has been developed, the infant is overwhelmed with excitation. This analytic concept does not conflict with the generally accepted assump tion that the nervous system of the newborn is not mature. This immaturity, not as yet fully understood in all its physio logical details, is responsible for the fact that the motor excitability of the newborn and of early infancy is much greater than that of later life, and that inhibitions are not yet fully developed.In recent years observations of the early reactions of the newborn have led to the generally accepted opinion that the newborn reacts to every form of stimulus with an undif ferentiated, general motor discharge. Numerous choreo athetoid movements, too vague to be described, do not cease completely even during sleep. These movements, under the influence of strong stimuli from without or of instinctual needs which are stimuli from within, increase to a veritable'storm of excitation'(II). 1 The'storm of excitation'invades the whole motor system, including the visceral. The crying fit is only one special form of the'storm of excitation'; in this sense it is not a teleological action in that it has a goal