Identity: Youth and Crisis. Erik H. Erikson. Norton, New York, 1968. 336 pp. Cloth, $6.95; paper, $2.95
Identity: Youth and Crisis. Erik H. Erikson. Norton, New York, 1968. 336 pp. Cloth, $6.95; paper, $2.95
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身份：青年与危机。
DOI：
10.1126/science.161.3838.257
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发表时间：
1968
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
K. Keniston
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Keniston
近年来，精神分析的持续活力受到了很多质疑。精神分析当然有很多东西。这是一场兼具政治和意识形态成分的“运动”，以与见习者没有完全不同的培训体系为后盾，并以对弗洛伊德著作的复杂注释为支撑。精神分析也是一种治疗技术，是最深入、最彻底、最昂贵的心理改变方法。最后，精神分析是一种具有科学基础的人类发展综合理论。在每一种模式中，精神分析都受到了挑战，最有力的往往是精神分析学家自己。精神分析运动的“政治”方面、精神分析训练的意识形态成分以及某些精神分析著作中崇敬的传统主义都受到了广泛的攻击。今天大多数精神分析学家都承认，经典精神分析作为一种治疗方法对于许多或大多数患者来说是不适用的。精神分析作为人类行为科学理论的地位也一再受到质疑。无论精神分析作为意识形态或治疗方法有什么局限性，埃里克·埃里克森的最新著作《身份：青年与危机》见证了精神分析理论的持续活力。埃里克森也许是那些寻求延续弗洛伊德对人类心灵的开拓性探究精神的人中最具原创性的人。在这本他迄今为止最具理论性的著作中，他收集并重写了 20 年来有关身份主题的论文。这里更新的论文包括他关于身份和历史、“身份危机”、女性心理学、
The continuing vitality of psycho-analysis has been much questioned in recent years. Psychoanalysis is of course many things. It is a" movement" with both political and ideological components, backed by a training system not altogether dissimilar from the novitiate and buttressed by a complex body of exegesis on the work of Freud. Psychoanalysis is also a therapeutic technique the most intensive, thoroughgoing, and expensive method of psychological change. Finally, psychoanalysis is a comprehensive theory of human devel-opment that claims a scientific basis. In each of these modes psychoanal-ysis has been challenged, often most vigorously by psychoanalysts themselves. The" political" aspects of the psychoanalytic movement, the ideological component of psychoanalytic training, and the reverential traditionalism of some psychoanalytic writing have been widely attacked. Most psychoanalysts today acknowledge that classical psy-choanalysis as a therapy is counterindicated for many or most patients. And the claims of psychoanalysis to status as a scientific theory of human behavior have been repeatedly questioned. Whatever the limitations of psycho-analysis as ideology or as therapy, the continuing vitality of psychoanalytic theory is witnessedby the most recent work of Erik Erikson, Identity: Youth and Crisis. Erikson is perhaps the most original of those who sought to continue the spirit of Freud's pioneering inquiry into the human psyche. In this new volume, his most theoretical work to date, he has collected and rewritten 20 years of essays on the subject of identity. The papers here updated include his work on identity and history, on the" identity crisis," on the psychology of women,