Generic genetic differences between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon identified from a 7K SNP-chip
Generic genetic differences between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon identified from a 7K SNP-chip
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02959.x
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Hindar, Kjetil
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karlsson, Sten;Moen, Thomas;Hindar, Kjetil
养殖和野生同种之间的遗传相互作用是渔业中特别关注的问题，因为大量驯养的个体被释放到野外。在大西洋鲑鱼（萨尔莫salar）中，自20世纪70年代以来的选择性育种已经导致商业上重要的性状的快速遗传变化，例如生长速度加倍。每年，养殖鲑鱼逃离网围栏，进入河流，并与野生鲑鱼杂交。田间试验表明，遗传渐渗会削弱受体群体的生存力。然而，由于缺乏诊断性遗传标记，人们对从养殖种群到野生种群的基因流动的实际速率知之甚少。在这里，我们提出了一个面板的60个单核苷酸多态性（SNP），集体是诊断识别个别鲑鱼养殖或野生，无论其人口的起源。这些来源于7000个SNP的池比较历史野生和养殖鲑鱼种群，并分布在所有29条染色体，但两个。我们认为，养殖和野生鲑鱼在这些SNPs的通用差异已经出现，由于驯化。确定的SNP小组将允许从养殖到野生鲑鱼种群的基因流的量化，阐明水产养殖最具争议的潜在影响之一。随着全球对水产养殖的兴趣越来越大，对野生种群的压力越来越大，我们的研究结果对广泛的物种产生了影响。
Genetic interactions between farmed and wild conspecifics are of special concern in fisheries where large numbers of domesticated individuals are released into the wild. In the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), selective breeding since the 1970's has resulted in rapid genetic changes in commercially important traits, such as a doubling of the growth rate. Each year, farmed salmon escape from net pens, enter rivers, and interbreed with wild salmon. Field experiments demonstrate that genetic introgression may weaken the viability of recipient populations. However, due to the lack of diagnostic genetic markers, little is known about actual rates of gene flow from farmed to wild populations. Here we present a panel of 60 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that collectively are diagnostic in identifying individual salmon as being farmed or wild, regardless of their populations of origin. These were sourced from a pool of 7000 SNPs comparing historical wild and farmed salmon populations, and were distributed on all but two of the 29 chromosomes. We suggest that the generic differences between farmed and wild salmon at these SNPs have arisen due to domestication. The identified panel of SNPs will permit quantification of gene flow from farmed to wild salmon populations, elucidating one of the most controversial potential impacts of aquaculture. With increasing global interest in aquaculture and increasing pressure on wild populations, results from our study have implications for a wide range of species.