Harnessing Spatial Thinking to Support Stem Learning

Harnessing Spatial Thinking to Support Stem Learning
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利用空间思维支持干学习

DOI:
10.1787/7d5dcae6-en
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
2.6
通讯作者:
N. Newcombe
N. Newcombe
中科院分区:
心理学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
N. Newcombe

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空间智能涉及物体的位置、它们的形状、它们的关系以及它们移动时所采取的路径。对空间技能的认可丰富了传统教育对培养识字和数字技能的关注,包括与科学、技术、工程和数学 (STEM) 成就特别相关的认知领域。本报告回顾了研究,表明 (a) 空间思维和 STEM 学习相关,(b) 空间思维具有可塑性。它评估了在教育中利用这些发现的两种策略。策略 1 涉及空间技能的直接训练。策略2涉及将课程空间化,使用适合空间思维的工具,包括空间语言、地图、图表、图形、类比比较、实例化科学或数学原理的身体活动、手势和素描。现有数据支持,包括设计课程、培训教师和开发评估的空间思维和工具。同时研究继续评估努力的有效性并探索机制。
Spatial intelligence concerns the locations of objects, their shapes, their relations, and the paths they take as they move. Recognition of spatial skills enriches the traditional educational focus on developing literacy and numerical skills to include a cognitive domain particularly relevant to achievement in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). This report reviews research showing that (a) spatial thinking and STEM learning are related, and (b) spatial thinking is malleable. It evaluates two strategies for exploiting these findings in education. Strategy 1 involves direct training of spatial skills. Strategy 2 involves spatialising the curriculum, using tools suited to spatial thinking including spatial language, maps, diagrams, graphs, analogical comparison, physical activity that instantiates scientific or mathematical principles, gesture and sketching. Existing data support including spatial thinking and tools in designing curricula, training teachers and developing assessments. At the same time research continues to evaluate the effectiveness of the efforts and explore mechanisms.
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