Land Use Change Impacts on Water Erosion in Rwanda
Land Use Change Impacts on Water Erosion in Rwanda
复制标题
卢旺达土地利用变化对水蚀的影响
DOI：
10.3390/su12010050
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发表时间：
2019-12
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Nsabimana Gratien
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nambajimana Jean de Dieu;He Xiubin;Zhou Ji;Justine Meta Francis;Li Jinlin;Khurram Dil;Mind'je Richard;Nsabimana Gratien
由于不可持续的人类活动和土地利用的变化，卢旺达经历了加速的土壤侵蚀。因此，本研究旨在应用基于GIS（地理信息系统）和遥感的RUSLE（修订通用土壤流失方程）模型对卢旺达2000 - 2015年的水土流失进行评估，重点关注易侵蚀土地。2000年和2015年的年平均土壤流失量分别为48.6 t ha - 1 y - 1和39.2 t ha - 1 y - 1，全国土壤流失量分别约为1.1亿吨和8900万吨。15年来，土地利用/覆被类型变化面积占总评价面积的34.6%。草地退耕还林区平均土壤流失量最高，为91.6 t ha - 1 y - 1(0.5%)，草地退耕还田区平均土壤流失量为10.0 t ha - 1 y - 1（4.4%）。已经进行了一项尝试，以确定卢旺达土壤侵蚀的内在驱动力。因此，我们发现2015年卢旺达地区的平均土壤流失与贫困（r = 0.45, p = 0.013）、化肥使用量增加（r = 0.77, p = 0.005）显著相关，尤其是与极端贫困（r = 0.77, p = 0.000）相关。2015年卢旺达农田土壤保持情景分析显示，梯田可以减少24.8%的土壤流失量（从14.6 tha - 1 y - 1减少到11.7 tha - 1 y - 1）。最重要的是，研究表明(1)覆盖和覆盖作物的梯田可以有效控制水土流失，改善土壤质量和肥力；(2)以速生树种为目标的再造林计划是研究区水土流失控制的重要特征。
Rwanda has experienced accelerated soil erosion as a result of unsustainable human activities and changes in land use. Therefore, this study aimed at applying the RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) model using GIS (Geographical Information System) and remote sensing to assess water erosion in Rwanda, focusing on the erosion-prone lands for the time span 2000 to 2015. The estimated mean annual soil losses were 48.6 t ha−1 y−1 and 39.2 t ha−1 y−1 in 2000 and 2015, respectively, resulting in total nationwide losses of approximately 110 and 89 million tons. Over the 15 years, 34.6% of the total area of evaluated LULC (land use/land cover) types have undergone changes. The highest mean soil loss of 91.6 t ha−1 y−1 occurred in the area changing from grassland to forestland (0.5%) while a mean soil loss of 10.0 t ha−1 y−1 was observed for grassland converting to cropland (4.4%). An attempt has been made to identify the embedded driving forces of soil erosion in Rwanda. As a result, we found that mean soil loss for Rwanda’s districts in 2015 was significantly correlated with poverty (r = 0.45, p = 0.013), increased use of chemical fertilizers (r = 0.77, p = 0.005), and especially was related to extreme poverty (r = 0.77, p = 0.000). The soil conservation scenario analysis for Rwanda’s cropland in 2015 revealed that terracing could reduce the soil loss by 24.8% (from 14.6 t ha−1 y−1 to 11.7 t ha−1 y−1). Most importantly, the study suggests that (1) terracing integrated with mulching and cover crops could effectively control water erosion while ameliorating soil quality and fertility, and (2) reforestation schemes targeting the rapid-growing tree species are therefore recommended as an important feature for erosion control in the study area.
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影响因子：
3.1
作者：
L. Tamene;Q. B. Le
通讯作者：
L. Tamene;Q. B. Le
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
A. Bizoza
通讯作者：
A. Bizoza
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Pacific Northwest;Charles G. Johnson
通讯作者：
Pacific Northwest;Charles G. Johnson
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1978
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
W. H. Wischmeier;D. Smith
通讯作者：
W. H. Wischmeier;D. Smith
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
E. M. Nyesheja;Xi Chen;A. EL-TANTAWI;Fidele Karamage;Christophe Mupenzi;J. Nsengiyumva
通讯作者：
E. M. Nyesheja;Xi Chen;A. EL-TANTAWI;Fidele Karamage;Christophe Mupenzi;J. Nsengiyumva