Improving the accessibility of urban transportation networks for people with disabilities
Improving the accessibility of urban transportation networks for people with disabilities
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DOI：
10.1016/j.trc.2013.10.005
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发表时间：
2014-08-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Reades, Jon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferrari, Liura;Berlingerio, Michele;Reades, Jon
对于行动不便的人来说，提高我们最古老和最大的公共交通系统的可达性的最有效方法是什么？政府支持的局限性与老年人和残疾人日益增长的行动需求交织在一起，要求我们开发工具，使我们能够更好地优先投资于那些将为旅行者带来最大好处的领域。原则上，以及在较小的程度上，许多火车和公共汽车已经对几乎所有的用户开放，使得车站和换乘成为运营商试图改善整体网络接入所面临的最大和最昂贵的挑战。关注旅行时间和换乘差异，我们提出了一种方法，利用网络科学和时空分析来对车站进行排序，以最小化可到达和不可到达路线之间的差异。以伦敦为例，我们发现，当轮椅可达性成为制约因素时，50%最频繁的行程会变长50%。使用我们的网络方法确定无障碍升级的优先顺序，可以产生比基于随机选择的解决方案好8倍以上的总出行时间，比只寻求最大限度地减少面临交通限制的人的交叉口数量的解决方案高出30%的效率。这些结果突出了分析“智能卡”数据的潜力，使网络运营商能够从其基础设施投资中获得最大价值，以支持扩大对所有用户的接入。(C)2013爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
What is the most effective way to enhance the accessibility of our oldest and largest public transportation systems for people with reduced mobility? The intersection of limits to government support with the growing mobility needs of the elderly and of people with disabilities calls for the development of tools that enable us to better prioritise investment in those areas that would deliver the greatest benefits to travellers. In principle and, to a lesser extent, in practice, many trains and buses are already accessible to nearly all users, leaving the stations and interchanges as the single largest and most expensive challenge facing operators trying to improve overall access to the network.Focussing on travel time and interchange differences, we present a method that uses network science and spatio-temporal analysis to rank stations in a way that minimises the divergence between accessible and non-accessible routes. Taking London as case study, we show that 50% of the most frequently followed journeys become 50% longer when wheelchair accessibility becomes a constraint. Prioritising accessibility upgrades using our network approach yields a total travel time that is more than 8 times better than a solution based on random choice, and 30% more effective than a solution that seeks solely to minimise the number of interchanges facing those with mobility constraints. These results highlight the potential for the analysis of 'smart card' data to enable network operators to obtain maximum value from their infrastructure investments in support of expanded access to all users. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.