PROPAGATION OF BULBOUS ORNAMENTALS BY SIMPLE CULTURES OF BULB-SCALE SEGMENTS USING PLASTIC VESSELS
PROPAGATION OF BULBOUS ORNAMENTALS BY SIMPLE CULTURES OF BULB-SCALE SEGMENTS USING PLASTIC VESSELS
复制标题
DOI：
10.17660/actahortic.2005.673.43
复制
发表时间：
2005-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Yanagawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Yanagawa
本研究的目的是研究使用塑料容器从石蒜科和百合科 26 个物种和 8 个花园品种的球茎上切下球茎鳞茎的鳞茎再生情况。将湿润的园艺蛭石或日本柳树皮分配到两种类型的塑料容器中：聚乙烯袋（250 x 350 毫米）和聚氯乙烯圆筒容器（130 x 100 毫米）。使用塑料容器进行双尺度节段培养和基底板培养，为大多数测试物种提供了高鳞茎再生能力。在属于百合科的物种和园林栽培品种中，无论是何种物种，不仅有基板的单鳞片，而且无基板的鳞茎诱导率也很高。相比之下，在石蒜科的大多数物种中，具有基板的单鳞节表现出比不具有基板的单鳞节更高的产生鳞茎的趋势。在这些培养物中，发现对从片段近端开始切割处理至片段长度的三分之一的片段具有高再生率。事实证明，使用塑料容器对球茎鳞片进行简单培养对于包括百合在内的大多数物种的鳞茎人工诱导是可行的。简介 许多球根植物产生的自然补偿很少，而且有些物种不容易从种子中生长出来。鳞百合的鳞茎通过结鳞而倍增，将脱落的鳞茎种植在潮湿的蛭石、沙子等中，并产生鳞茎。对于带有被囊类球茎的朱顶红球茎的克隆繁殖，自从 Traub (1935) 报道以来，分数次鳞片茎切割（茎切割）方法已被广泛使用。将插条种植在堆肥中，例如蛭石、泥炭藓和发育好的鳞茎。 Sakanishi 和 Yanakawa (1979) 将这种鳞茎切割方法应用于石蒜科和百合科 21 种被囊类动物的球茎。对于水仙球茎的克隆繁殖，开发了双缩放方法来克服其球茎自然生产率低的问题（Alkema，1975；Hanks 和 Rees，1979；Hanks，1985、1987；Hanks 等人，1986）。在双鳞中，母体鳞茎被分成许多相等的部分，这些部分进一步分为包含两个鳞片和基板的双鳞片。双鳞片在聚乙烯袋中的潮湿蛭石中培育约3个月后产生不定鳞茎。使用聚乙烯袋的双缩放法与切割法相比，易于培养。 Yanakawa (1988, 1993) 将这种双尺度方法应用于石蒜科和百合科 20 个物种的被囊球茎。本文描述了石蒜科和百合科 26 个物种和 8 个花园品种的球茎切下的各种球茎尺度片段的再生反应，通过使用聚乙烯袋和聚氯乙烯容器进行简单培养。过程。 IX 国际机场症状。球根花卉编辑：H. Okubo, W.B.米勒和 G.A.查斯塔格纳园艺学报。 673, ISHS 2005 344 材料和方法 球茎取自石蒜科和百合科的 26 个物种和 8 个花园栽培品种，生长在京都教育大学的田间和温室中。将球茎在水性苯菌灵杀菌剂 (0.2%) 中处理 20 分钟。在被囊类球茎中，灭菌的球茎被分成大约八个相等的纵向部分。从每个灯泡切下的零件数量取决于灯泡的尺寸。通过从外侧开始切开基板，每个部分进一步分为单鳞片和双鳞片。因此，每个部分都产生两到六个带有基板的节段，厚的、有角的最里面的鳞片被丢弃。在这些情况下，还制备了没有基板的单尺度片段。在有鳞球茎中，百合球茎鳞片从三个物种和八个花园品种的每个灭菌球茎上分离出来。除去外部的棕色或受伤的鳞片和内部的小鳞片。在一些实验中，从双鳞片或百合鳞茎片的基部（近端）进行切割。这些切口占该段长度的三分之一。将单鳞片、双鳞片和百合鳞茎片放入盛有园艺蛭石、日本柳树皮、泥炭、珍珠岩或锯末的聚乙烯袋（25×35厘米，厚0.22毫米）或聚氯乙烯容器（直径13厘米带盖圆筒，高10.5厘米）中孵育，一般为15至50片，800毫升或350毫升干燥蛭石和80ml离子交换水。用橡皮筋或胶带密封容器，使蛭石上方有空气空间，并在 25°C 的黑暗中保存 12 周。每次处理使用三个塑料容器。在该培养期结束时，记录每个节段上产生的鳞茎数量。结果我们研究了蛭石中的水量对聚乙烯袋中朱顶红双鳞片和百合球鳞片再生的影响。对于朱顶红双鳞片，在含有 80 毫升水的培养基中显示出较高的鳞茎再生能力。在百合节的情况下，在每种量（40、80、160 毫升）的水中发现较高的鳞茎再生（数据未显示）。使用聚乙烯袋和聚氯乙烯容器，用蛭石、泥炭、珍珠岩、锯末或日本柏树皮等各种培养基培养朱顶红双鳞片和百合球茎鳞片。在朱顶红双鳞节的培养中，蛭石和日本雪松树皮培养基显示出较高的鳞茎再生能力。其他含有泥炭、珍珠岩或锯末的介质表现出较低的再生能力。在百合球茎鳞片的情况下，日本雪松树皮、蛭石和泥炭介质中显示出较高的鳞茎再生能力。通过聚氯乙烯容器培养代替聚乙烯袋培养，朱顶红双鳞片和百合鳞茎片也以高速率产生鳞茎，无论培养基如何（表1）。在属于百合科的物种中，无论何种物种，不仅具有基板的单鳞节，而且不具有基板的单鳞节都以很高的比率诱发鳞茎。相反，石蒜科物种的鳞茎再生根据物种的不同而不同。也就是说，在大多数物种中，具有基板的单鳞节表现出比不具有基板的单鳞节更高的产生鳞茎的趋势。然而，对于 Cyrtanthus、Leucojum 和 x Amarcrinum，这些节段之间的再生率没有显示出差异。从 Nerine 球茎上切下的片段显示没有鳞茎再生（图 1）。
The purpose of this study was to investigate bulblet regeneration of bulb-scale segments excised from bulbs of 26 species and eight garden cultivars in the Amaryllidaceae and Liliaceae using plastic vessels. Moistened horticultural vermiculite or Japanese cedar bark were distributed to two types of plastic vessels, polyethylene bags (250 x 350 mm) and polyvinyl chloride cylinder vessels (130 x 100 mm). Cultures of twin-scale segments with basal plate using the plastic vessels afforded high bulblet regeneration for the majority of species tested. In the species and the garden cultivars belonging to the Liliaceae, not only single-scale segments with basal plate but also those without basal plate induced bulblets at a high rate regardless of the species. In contrast, in most of the species in the Amaryllidaceae, the single-scale segments with basal plate showed a clear tendency to produce bulblets at a higher rate than the ones without basal plate. In these cultures, a high regeneration rate was found for segments with cutting treatments to a third of the segment length from the proximal ends of the segments. The simple cultures of the bulb-scales segments using the plastic vessels proved to be feasible for artificial induction of bulblets in most of the species including lilies. INTRODUCTION Many bulbous species produce few natural offsets, and some are not readily grown from seed. Scaly lily bulbs are multipled by scaling, where detached bulb-scales are planted in moist vermiculite, sand and so forth, and produce bulblets. For clonal propagation of Hippeastrum bulbs with a tunicate bulb, the fractional scale-stem cutting (stem cuttage) method has been widely used since Traub’s (1935) reports. The cuttings were planted in compost, such as vermiculite, peatmoss, and developed bulblets. Sakanishi and Yanagawa (1979) applied this scale-stem cutting method to the tunicate bulbs of 21 species in the Amaryllidaceae and Liliaceae. For clonal propagation of Narcissus bulbs, the twin-scaling method was developed to overcome their low natural rates of bulb production (Alkema, 1975; Hanks and Rees, 1979; Hanks, 1985, 1987; Hanks et al., 1986). In twin-scaling, the parent bulb is divided into a number of equal parts, which are further divided into twin-scale segments containing two-scales and basal plate. The twin-scale segments produce adventitious bulblets after incubation in moist vermiculite in polyethylene bags in about 3 months. The twin-scaling method using polyethylene bags is superior in easy incubation to the cutting method. Yanagawa (1988, 1993) applied this twin-scaling method to the tunicated bulbs of 20 species in the Amaryllidaceae and Liliaceae. This paper describes the regenerative response of various bulb-scale segments excised from bulbs of 26 species and eight garden cultivars in the Amaryllidaceae and the Liliaceae by simple culture using polyethylene bags and polyvinyl chloride vessels. Proc. IX Intl. Symp. on Flower Bulbs Eds.: H. Okubo, W.B. Miller and G.A. Chastagner Acta Hort. 673, ISHS 2005 344 MATERIALS AND METHODS Bulbs were taken from plants of 26 species and eight garden cultivars in the Amaryllidaceae and Liliaceae, grown in the field and greenhouses at Kyoto University of Education. The bulbs were treated in aqueous benomyl fungicide (0.2%) for 20 minutes. In tunicate bulbs, the sterilized bulbs were divided into about eight equal longitudinal parts. The number of parts cut from each bulb depended on the size of the bulb. Each part was further divided into segments containing a single-scale and twin-scales by cutting through basal plate, starting from the outside. Each part thereby yielded two to six segments with basal plate, the thick, angular innermost scales being discarded. In these cases, single-scale segments without basal plate were also prepared. In scaly bulbs, lily bulb-scale segments were detached from each sterilized bulb of three species and eight garden cultivars. The outer brown or injured scales and the inner small scales were removed. In some experiments, cuts were made from the basal (proximal) end of the twin-scale segments or lily bulb-scale segments. These cuts were one third of the length of the segment. The single-scale segments, the twin-scale segments and the lily bulb-scale segments were incubated in polyethylene bags (25 x 35 cm, 0.22 mm thick) or polyvinyl chloride vessels (13 cm diameter cylinder with lid, 10.5 cm height) containing horticultural vermiculite, Japanese cedar bark, peatmoss, perlite or sawdust, generally with 15 to 50 segments, 800 ml or 350 ml dry vermiculite and 80 ml ion-exchanged water. The vessels were sealed with rubber bands or tape so that there was an air space above the vermiculite, and stored for 12 weeks in the dark at 25°C. Three plastic vessels were used for each treatment. At the end of this incubation period, the number of bulblets produced on each segment was recorded. RESULTS We examined ehe effect of the quantity of water in the vermiculite on bulblet regeneration of Hippeastrum twin-scale segments and Lilium bulb-scale segments in polyethylene bags. With Hippeastrum twin-scale segments, higher bulblet regeneration was shown in the medium containing 80 ml of water. In the cases of Lilium segments, higher bulblet regeneration was found in each quantity (40, 80, 160 ml) of water (data not shown). Hippeastrum twin-scale segments and Lilium bulb-scale segments were cultured with various media including vermiculite, peatmoss, perlite, sawdust or Japanese ceder bark using polyethylene bags and polyvinyl chloride vessels. In the cultures of Hippeastrum twin-scale segments, higher bulblet regeneration was shown in vermiculite and Japanese ceder bark media. The other media containing peatmoss, perlite or sawdust showed lower regenerative ability. In the cases of Lilium bulb-scale segments, higher bulblet regeneration was shown in Japanese cedar bark, vermiculite and peatmoss media. By polyvinyl chloride vessel culture instead of polyethylene bag culture, Hippeastrum twin-scale segments and Lilium bulb-scale segments also produced bulblets at a high rate regardless of medium (Table 1). In the species belonging to the Liliaceae, not only the single-scale segments with basal plate but also the ones without basal plate induced bulblets at a high rate regardless of the species. In contrast, bulblet regeneration of the species in the Amaryllidaceae differed according to the species. Namely, in most of the species, the single-scale segments with basal plate showed a clear tendency to produce bulblets at a higher rate than the ones without basal plate. With Cyrtanthus, Leucojum and x Amarcrinum, however, no difference in the regenerative rate was shown between those segments. The segments excised from Nerine bulbs showed no bulblet regeneration (Fig. 1).