Exposure to noise and air pollution by mode of transportation during rush hours in Montreal
Exposure to noise and air pollution by mode of transportation during rush hours in Montreal
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.06.007
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发表时间：
2018-06-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Kingham, Simon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Apparicio, Philippe;Gelb, Jeremy;Kingham, Simon
根据世界卫生组织的资料，空气污染和道路交通噪音是两种重要的环境滋扰，可能对城市人口的健康和福祉有害。早期的研究表明，驾车者比活跃的交通使用者更容易暴露在空气污染物中。然而，由于他们的体力活动水平，骑自行车的人也吸入更多的空气污染物。本文的主要目的是测量个人暴露于空气污染（二氧化氮类似于NO2）和道路交通噪音的水平，根据他们使用不同的交通方式。三个人组成三个小组，每个小组三个人：一个人骑自行车，一个人乘坐公共交通工具，第三个人乘坐汽车。近100次旅行，从蒙特利尔的各个外围街区到市区上午8点，下午5点在相反的方向。混合模型的使用表明，公共交通通勤者和骑自行车的人暴露于噪音的水平显着大于驾驶员的暴露。再次，使用混合模型，我们发现，尽管三种模式下NO2污染物的暴露水平没有显着差异，但由于骑自行车的人的NO2污染物吸入剂量比开车的人高出三倍多通风率。毫不奇怪，体力活动对骑自行车的人的好处当然更大：他们消耗的卡路里是开车的人的3.63倍。对于使用联合收割机多种交通方式（步行、公共汽车和/或地铁和步行）的公共交通使用者来说，这一比例也较高（1.73）。
According to the World Health Organization, air pollution and road traffic noise are two important environmental nuisances that could be harmful to the health and well-being of urban populations. Earlier studies suggest that motorists are more exposed to air pollutants than are active transportation users. However, because of their level of physical activity, cyclists also inhale more air pollutants. The main objective of this paper is to measure individuals' levels of exposure to air pollution (nitrogen dioxide similar to NO2) and road traffic noise according to their use of different modes of transportation.Three teams of three people each were formed: one person would travel by bicycle, one by public transit, and the third by car. Nearly one hundred trips were made, from various outlying Montreal neighbourhoods to the downtown area at 8 am, and in the opposite direction at 5 pm.The use of mixed models demonstrated that public transit commuters' and cyclists' levels of exposure to noise are significantly greater than motorists' exposure. Again, using mixed models, we found that although the levels of exposure to the NO2 pollutant do not significantly differ among the three modes, the inhaled doses of NO2 pollutant are more than three times higher for cyclists than for motorists due to their stronger ventilation rate. It is hardly surprising that the benefits of physical activity are of course greater for cyclists: they bum 3.63 times more calories than motorists. This ratio is also higher for public transport users (1.73) who combine several modes (walking, bus and/or subway and walking).