Acoustic imaging, visualization, and quantification of buoyant hydrothermal plumes in the Ocean
Acoustic imaging, visualization, and quantification of buoyant hydrothermal plumes in the Ocean
复制标题
海洋中浮力热液羽流的声学成像、可视化和量化
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Christopher D. Jones
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Rona;K. Bemis;D. Silver;Christopher D. Jones
我们开发并应用可视化和量化方法从声学图像中重建3D热液羽流，并从标量属性的重建中进行第一次直接测量，这些属性描述了两个浮力羽流从相邻的黑烟烟囱中排出的行为。实际的行为，然后进行比较，由一个经典的简单的浮力羽流模型预测。图像重建为等强度表面的后向散射悬浮在羽流中的颗粒物质。有关羽流作为向海洋中扩散热量和质量的媒介的作用的测量包括直径、颗粒分布、稀释、中心线姿态、表面突起和连通性随高度的变化。突起的表面表达的漩涡，似乎遵循一个分叉的螺旋流模式，类似于模拟自然强迫流动的相干涡环的漩涡上升与浮力羽流。这些直接测量和派生的夹带系数一般是一致的行为预测的简单的浮力羽流模型和支持吞没旋涡脱落作为一个主要机制夹带周围的海水。与预测的浮力羽流行为的偏差是粒子动力学的诊断。
We develop and apply visualization and quantification methods to reconstruct hydrothermal plumes in 3D from acoustic images and to make the first direct measurements from the reconstructions of scalar properties that describe the behavior of two buoyant plumes discharging from adjacent black smoker chimneys. The actual behavior is then compared to that predicted by a classic simple buoyant plume model. The images are reconstructed as isointensity surfaces of backscatter from particulate matter suspended in the plumes. The measurements pertinent to the role of the plumes as agents of dispersal of heat and mass into the ocean include change with height of diameter, particle distribution, dilution, centerline attitude, surface protrusions, and connectivity. The protrusions are the surface expression of eddies and appear to follow a bifurcating helical flow pattern that resemble simulation of the naturally forced flow of coherent vortex rings as the eddies rise with the buoyant plume. These direct measurements and the derived entrainment coefficient are generally consistent with behavior predicted by the simple buoyant plume model and support engulfment by vortex shedding as a primary mechanism for entrainment of surrounding seawater. Deviations from predicted buoyant plume behavior are diagnostic of particle dynamics.